"When the element is used up, and, notably, when all the chloride of silver is reduced, it is only necessary to plunge the carbon with its asbestos covering (after washing it in water) into a chloridizing bath, in order to bring back the metallic silver that invests the carbon to a state of chloride, and thus restore the pile to its primitive energy. After this the carbon is washed and put back into the exciting liquid. "These reductions of the chloride of silver during the operation of the pile can be reproduced _ad infinitum_, since they are accompanied by no loss of metal. The alkaline liquid is sufficient in quantity for two successive charges of the couple. "The chloridizing bath consists of 100 parts of acetic acid, 5 to 6 parts, by weight, of hydrochloric acid, and about 30 parts of water. [Illustration: FIG. 1.--SCRIVANOW'S CHLORIDE OF SILVER PILE.] "Other acids may be employed equally as well. A bath composed of chlorochromate of potassium and nitric or sulphuric acid makes an excellent regenerator. "To sum up, I claim as the distinctive characters of my pile: "1. The use of the potassic or sodic alkaline liquid conjointly with chloride of silver, and the oxide of the same, that forms through the immersion of the carbon in a chloridizing bath. "2. The use of retort or other carbon covered with the salt of silver above specified. "3. The arrangement and construction of my pile as I have described." In the experiments recently tried with Mr. Scrivanow's pile, a large sized battery was made use of, whose dimensions were 300 x 145 x 125 millimeters, and whose weight was from 5 to 6 kilogrammes. The results were: intensity, 1 ampere; electro-motive power, 25 volts, corresponding to an energy of 25 volt-amperes, or about 2.5 kilogrammeters per second. The pile was covered with a copper jacket whose upper parts supported two Swan lamps. Upon putting on the cover a contact was formed with the electrodes, and it was possible by means of a commutator key with three eccentrics to light or extinguish one of the lamps or both at once. A single element would have sufficed to keep one Swan lamp of feeble resistance lighted for 20 hours. Accepting the data given above and the 20 hours' uninterrupted duration of the pile's operation the power furnished by this large model is equal to 2.5 x 20 x 3,600 = 180,000 kilogrammeters. [Illustration: FIG. 1.--SCRIVANOW'S CHLORIDE OF SILVER PILE.]