Produced by J. Niehof, D. Kretz, J. Sutherland, and Distributed Proofreaders [Illustration] SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 433 NEW YORK, APRIL 19, 1884 Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XVII, No. 433. Scientific American established 1845 Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year. Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year. * * * * * TABLE OF CONTENTS. I. CHEMISTRY, METALLURGY, ETC.--New Analogy between Solids, Liquids, and Gases. Hydrogen Amalgam. Treatment of Ores by Electrolysis.--By M. KILIANI. II. ENGINEERING, AND MECHANICS.--Electric Railway at Vienna.--With engraving. Instruction in Mechanical Engineering.--Technical and trade education.--A course of study sketched out.--By Prof. R.H. THURSTON. Improved Double Boiler.--3 figures. The Gardner Machine Gun.--With three engravings showing the single barrel, two barrel, and five barrel guns. Climbing Tricycles. Submarine Explorations.--Voyage of the Talisman.--The Thibaudier sounding apparatus.--With map, diagrams, and engravings. Jamieson's Cable Grapnel.--With engraving. A Threaded Set Collar. III. TECHNOLOGY.--Wretched Boiler Making. Pneumatic Malting.--With full description of the most improved methods and apparatus.--Numerous figures. Reducing and Enlarging Plaster Casts. Stripping the Film from Gelatine Negatives. IV. ELECTRICITY.--Non-sparking Key. New Instruments for Measuring Electric Currents and Electromotive Force.--By MESSRS. K.E. CROMPTON and GISBERT KAPP.--Paper read before the Society of Telegraph Engineers.--With several engravings. When Does the Electric Shock Become Fatal? V. ART AND ARCHÆOLOGY.--Robert Cauer's Statute of Lorelei.--With engraving. The Pyramids of Meroe.--With engraving. VI. ASTRONOMY AND METEOROLOGY.--The Red Sky.--Cause of the same explained by the Department of Meteorology. A Theory of Cometary Phenomena. On Comets.--By FURMAN LEAMING, M.D. VII. NATURAL HISTORY.--The Prolificness of the Oyster. Coarse Food for Pigs. VIII. BOTANY, HORTICULTURE, ETC.--Forms of Ivy.--With several engravings. Propagating Roses. A Few of the Best Inulas.--With engraving. Fruit Growing.--By P.H. FOSTER. IX. MEDICINE, HYGIENE, ETC.--A People without Consumption, and Some Account of Their Country, the Cumberland Tableland. --By E.M. WIGHT. The Treatment of Habitual Constipation. X. MISCELLANEOUS.--The French Scientific Station at Cape Horn. XI. BIOGRAPHY.--The Late Maori Chief, Mete Kingi.--With portrait. * * * * * THE FRENCH SCIENTIFIC STATION AT CAPE HORN.