IX. PHYSIOLOGY, HYGIENE, ETC.--The Upright Attitude of Mankind. --Review of a lecture by Dr. S.V. CLEVENGER, in which he tries to prove that man must have originated from a four footed being. Our Enemies, the Microbes.--Affections caused by the same.-- Experiments of Davaine, Pasteur, and others.--How to prevent bacterides from entering the body.--5 figures. X. BIOGRAPHY.--Gaston Plante, the Scientist.--With portrait Warren Colburn, the American Mathematician. * * * * * IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HARBOR OF ANTWERP. The harbor of Antwerp, which, excepting those of London and Liverpool, is the largest in Europe, has been improved wonderfully during the last decade. Before 1870 it was inferior to the harbor at Havre, but now it far surpasses the same. The river Scheldt, which is about 1,500 ft. wide, was badgered out up to the vertical walls of the basin, so that the largest ships can land at the docks. The river was deepened by the use of caissons, in the lower parts of which the workmen operated in compressed air. The annexed cut shows that part of one of the caissons which projects above the surface of the water. The depth of the river at low tide is about 26 ft., and at high tide about 39 ft. Some of the old sluices, channels, basins, etc., which were rendered useless by the improvements made in the river Scheldt have been filled up, and thereby the city has been enriched by several handsome and elegant squares.--_Illustrirte Zeitung_. * * * * * PROGRESS OF ANTWERP. Antwerp is now the chief port on the Continent. Since 1873 the progress has continued, and made very rapid advances. In 1883 the tonnage of the port reached 3,734,428 registered tons. This marvelous development is partly due to the position of Antwerp as the embarking point from the Continent of Europe to America, and partly also to the recent additions and changes which have been carried out there, and which, now nearly completed, have made this cosmopolitan port one of the best organized in the world. This is so well known that vessels bound for Switzerland with a cargo of corn from Russia pass Marseilles and go two thousand miles out of their way for the purpose of unloading at Antwerp. No other port, in fact, offers the same facilities. There is not another place in the world where fifty vessels of 3,000 tons can come alongside as easily as the penny boats on the Thames run into the landing. [Illustration: CAISSONS FOR DEEPENING THE RIVER AT ANTWERP.]