[Illustration] SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 455 NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 20, 1884 Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XVIII, No. 455. Scientific American established 1845 Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year. Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year. * * * * * TABLE OF CONTENTS. I. CHEMISTRY AND METALLURGY.--Gallisin, an Unfermentable Substance in Starch Sugar. The Combining Weights, Volumes, and Specific Gravities of Elements and Compounds. Analysis of Zinc Ash and Calcined Pyrites by Means of Ammonium Carbonate. II. ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS.--Petroleum as a Fuel in Locomotive Engines.--By THOMAS URQUHART.--Spray injector.--Driving locomotives.--Storage of petroleum. Improved Gas Light Buoy.--2 figures. Project for a Roadstead at Havre.--With map and views of different breakwaters. Improved Catch Basin.--2 figures. Water Power with High Pressures and Wrought Iron Water Pipe.--By HAMILTON SMITH, JR.--Methods of conducting water and transmitting power.--Texas Creek pipe and aqueduct.--4 figures. Parachute Hydraulic Motor. Improved Shafting Lathe.--1 figure. Power Straightening Machine.--1 figure. Hydraulic Mining in California.--By GEO. O'BRIEN. III. TECHNOLOGY.--Emerald Green: Its Properties and Manufacture.--Use in wall paper.--ROBERT GALLOWAY. Charcoal Kilns.--Extra yield.--2 figures. IV. ARCHITECTURE--Entrance, Tiddington House, Oxon.--An engraving. V. ELECTRICITY, LIGHT, HEAT. ETC.--The Temperature of the Earth as shown by Deep Mines. New Arrangement of the Bichromate of Potash Pile.--3 figures. The Distribution of Electricity by Induction.--1 figure. Electricity Applied to the study of Seismic Movements.--Apparatus for the study of horizontal and vertical seismic movements, etc.--8 figures. New Accumulators.--3 figures. Industrial Model of the Reynier Zinc Accumulator. The History of a Lightning Flash.--By W. SLINGO. Researches on Magnetism. VI. NATURAL HISTORY.--The Giraffe.--With engraving. VII. MEDICINE, AND HYGIENE.--The Treatment of Cholera--By Dr. H.A. RAWLINS. Temperature. Moisture, and Pressure, in their Relations to Health.--London deaths under 1 year in July, August, and part of September. Consumption Spread by Chickens. New Method of Reducing Fever. VIII. MISCELLANEOUS.--The Crown Diamonds of France at the Exhibition of Industrial Arts. A New Mode of Testing the Economy of the Expenses of Management in Life Insurance.--By WALTER C. WRIGHT. * * * * * THE GIRAFFE.