[Illustration] SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 460 NEW YORK, OCTOBER 25, 1884 Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XVIII, No. 460. Scientific American established 1845 Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year. Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year. * * * * * TABLE OF CONTENTS. I. CHEMISTRY. ETC.--Wolpert's Method of Estimating the Amount of Carbonic Acid in the Air.--7 Figures. Japanese Camphor.--Its preparation, experiments, and analysis of the camphor oil.--By H. OISHI. II. ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS.--Links in the History of the Locomotive.--With two engravings of the Rocket. The Flow of Water through Turbines and Screw Propellers.--By ARTHUR RIGG.--Experimental researches.--Impact on level plate.--Impact and reaction in confined channels.--4 figures. Improved Textile Machinery.--The Textile Exhibition at Islington.--5 figures. Endless Rope Haulage.--2 figures. III. TECHNOLOGY.--A Reliable Water Filter.--With engraving. Simple Devices for Distilling Water.--4 figures. Improved Fire Damp Detecter.--With full description and engraving. Camera Attachment for Paper Photo Negatives.--2 figures. Instantaneous Photo Shutter.--1 figure. Sulphurous Acid.--Easy method of preparation for photographic purposes. IV. PHYSICS. ELECTRICITY, ETC.--Steps toward a Kinetic Theory of Matter.--Address by Sir Wm. THOMSON at the Montreal meeting of the British Association. Application of Electricity to Tramways.--By M. HOLROYD SMITH.--7 figures. The Sunshine Recorder.--1 figure. V. ARCHITECTURE AND ART.--The National Monument at Rome.--With full page engraving. On the Evolution of Forms of Art.--From a paper by Prof. JACOBSTHAL.--Plant Forms the archetypes of cashmere patterns.--Ornamental representations of plants of two kinds.--Architectural forms of different ages.--20 figures. VI. NATURAL HISTORY.--The Latest Knowledge about Gapes.--How to keep poultry free from them. The Voyage of the Vettor Pisani.--Shark fishing In the Gulf of Panama.--Capture of Rhinodon typicus, the largest fish in existence. VII. HORTICULTURE, ETC.--The Proper Time for Cutting Timber. Raising Ferns from Spores.--1 figure. The Life History of Vaucheria.--Growth of alga vaucheria under the microscope.--4 figures. VIII. MISCELLANEOUS.--Fires in London and New York. The Greely Arctic Expedition.--With engraving. The Nile Expedition.--1 figure. * * * * * LINKS IN THE HISTORY OF THE LOCOMOTIVE.