from such buoy to the operator along the shore, who will close the circuit from the reserve or main supply circuit. Fig. 2 illustrates a sectional elevation of an electrical torpedo provided with mechanism at the stern for operating the rudder electrically, and the force is regulated by an automatic or manually operative variable resistance interposed in the electrical circuit at the switch board of the cable. A circuit reverser and variable resistance are arranged upon the switch board, so that the operator at the base can change the direction of the current, and regulate the force applied through the medium of the electrical cable in such a manner as to adjust the rudder to port or starboard, and, if so arranged, to maintain it at any angle by varying the resistance in the circuit. The rudder mechanism can be operated by the electric energy stored on board the torpedo through the medium of an electric circuit thereto from the electric accumulator provided with a circuit closer and variable resistance worked by the force passed through the paying-out cable. The force passing there through is regulated by a pressure regulator and controlled by a circuit reverser and variable resistance upon the keyboard. Means are also employed for indicating to the operator the position of the rudder at any moment, and such position will correspond to some defined resistance introduced at any given moment in the circuit. The mechanism combined with the rudder can consist of an arrangement of compound solenoids, the armatures of which are connected to a lever on the rudder head, or a small electric motor can be employed for operating worm gearing in, or combined with, the rudder head. The rudder is brought back to the midship or normal position by springs or counterbalance weights. [Illustration: FIG. 1 --FIG. 3-- --FIG. 4-- --FIG. 5-- --FIG. 6-- --FIG. 2-- WILLIAMS' SYSTEM OF COAST DEFENSE BY ELECTRICAL TORPEDOES.]