Produced by Simon Gardner, Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net [Illustration] SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 488 NEW YORK, MAY 9, 1885 Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XIX, No. 488. Scientific American established 1845 Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year. Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year. * * * * * TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE I. CHEMISTRY.--Notes on Three New Chinese Fixed Oils.--Tea oil.--Cabbage oil.--Wood oil.--Paper read by R. H. DAVIES before the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. 7798 II. ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS.--A Visit to the Creusot Works.--Giving a description of the works and the projects undertaken by the proprietors.--With full page of engravings illustrating the Hall of Forges and the 100 ton steam hammer. 7784 Le Creusot.--Extract of the report of the visit of the American Gun Foundry Board to these works. 7784 Plan for the Elevated Railway at Paris.--4 figures. 7785 Engineering Inventions since 1862.--By Sir F. J. BRAMWELL.--Bridge construction.--Pneumatic Foundations.--Construction of tunnels.--Canals and river improvements.--Military engineering appliances.--Uses of cement.--Preservation of wood. 7787 III. PHYSICS, ELECTRICITY, ETC.--Electric Light Apparatus for Military Purposes.--With engraving. 7790 Electricity and Magnetism.--By Prof. F. E. NIPHER. 7790 The Hydrodynamic Researches of Prof. Bjerknes.--By C. W. COOKE.--5 figures. 7791 Electrotyping.--With a full description of the process. 7793 A New Seismograph.--With engraving. 7793 IV. ART AND ARCHITECTURE.--The Cathedral of the Incarnation at Garden City. 7787 Movable Market Buildings.--7 figures and engraving of movable flower market at Paris. 7788 Dinocrates' Project.--With three engravings of landscapes showing human profiles. 7789 The Babylonian Palace. 7798 V. HORTICULTURE.--The Stone Pine (Pinus Pinea).--With engraving. 7797 VI. HYGIENE, ETC.--The Otoscope.--With engraving. 7794 State Provision for the Insane.--By C. M. HUGHES, M.D. 7794 VII. MISCELLANEOUS.--The Xylophone.--2 engravings. 7793 The Courage of Originality. 7795