Scientific American Supplement, No. 488, May 9, 1885 — John Shaqi
Scientific American Supplement, No. 488, May 9, 1885Various
Science
Scientific American Supplement, No. 488, May 9, 1885
Various
Science -- Periodicals
* * * * *
In the island of Goa, near Bombay, there is a singular vegetable
called "the sorrowful tree," because it only flourishes in the night.
At sunset no flowers are to be seen, and yet after half an hour it is
full of them. They yield a sweet smell, but the sun no sooner begins
to shine upon them than some of them fall off, and others close up;
and thus it continues flowering in the night during the whole year.
* * * * *
THE CRUTO INCANDESCENT LAMP.
An electrical exhibition on a comparatively small scale was opened in
Paris, March 22, 1885, with considerable eclat, the President of
the Republic being present. Engines to the extent of 200 H.P. are
employed to work the lights. Among the exhibits is the Cruto
light. _Engineering_ says: At the first glance it presents the same
appearance as an Edison lamp, having the same form of globe, and
apparently a similar luminous filament. But this latter is made in
an entirely different manner. A platinum wire is employed, 1/100 of
a millimeter in diameter. This is obtained by the Wollaston process,
that is to say, a piece of coarse platinum wire is covered with a
stout coating of silver, and drawn down till the outside diameter
is 1/10 millimeter. The silver coating is then dissolved in a bath of
nitric acid, and the platinum wire is left behind. This wire is then
cut into lengths, bent into a U form, and placed in a glass globe, in
which circulates a current of bicarbonated hydrogen obtained by the
action of sulphuric acid on alcohol. This gas, previously purified,
circulates around the platinum filament, through which an electric
current is passed sufficient to bring it to a red heat. This
decomposes the gas, and a thin coating of absolutely pure carbon is
deposited on the wire. The operation is continued until a sufficient
thickness of carbon has been deposited for each type of lamp, and the
method of regulating the amount of deposit is effected very
simply, and, in fact, almost automatically. Indeed, one of the most
interesting features of the process is its great simplicity, although
it is somewhat more costly than the ordinary methods of producing
incandescence lamps. After having been subjected to the action of
the gas for two or three hours, the filament is taken from the glass
globe, its diameter is carefully measured, the length is calibrated,
and it is set on a platinum support, to which it is soldered by a very
ingenious process. The filament is then introduced into a second
glass globe charged with bicarbonate of hydrogen; it is placed between
pincers that hold the carbon near its union with the platinum, and the
platinum some millimeters below. These pincers are then thrown into
circuit, and a powerful current is passed through the part which is
to be soldered. The platinum and carbon become incandescent, the
bicarbonate is decomposed, and a fresh deposit of carbon solders the
filament to its support.
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