Scientific American Supplement, No. 561, October 2, 1886Various
Science
Scientific American Supplement, No. 561, October 2, 1886
Various
Science -- Periodicals
Mr. J. Campbell remarked that at present the great American liners had
only the ordinary compound engines, and he thought that, instead of
converting them to triple expansion, they should take a step further
at once, and adopt quadruple expansion engines. This class of engines
was being very successfully built in various parts of the country. He
should recommend the adoption of a three-crank six-cylinder engine.
Mr. Hamilton did not think it had been demonstrated that greater
efficiency had been got out of twin screws than out of single screws;
but there was no doubt they would tend to additional safety.
Mr. Martell said that when they had got satisfactory data, twin screws
would be adopted for ships requiring great speed; but they had not got
that data at present.
Admiral Sir John Hay, referring to twin screws as applying to
sea-going steamers which might be employed for imperial defense, said
it was quite certain that the defense of their extended commerce
would always require to be assisted by ships such as the Oregon and
other magnificent vessels which had been used for that purpose on a
recent occasion. He believed that for war purposes the twin screw was
recognized by all naval men as having very many advantages. If that
were so, it was quite evident that it would be a great advantage,
under such conditions as occurred at the loss of the Oregon, if the
compartments could be made completely water-tight; and the twin screw,
with the separation of the ship longitudinally, gave them the very
greatest possible protection. They could not trust to bulkheads that
were only closed occasionally by doors. What was required for war
purposes was the entire and complete isolation of different parts of
the ship, having always practically closed communications between
them.
Mr. John then replied on the general discussion. He was pleased to
find that they had faith in the future of the twin screw and of
subdivision. The public had a right to demand greater safety than they
at present had on the Atlantic, or could have with a single screw.
* * * * *
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS IN GENERAL CONSTRUCTION.
The following is a copy of the last examination paper given to
candidates who are desirous of employment in the constructive
departments of the municipality of New York:
N.B.--In case candidate does not remember formula or method of solving
any problem submitted to him, let him name any work upon the subject
where such formula or method may be found.
1. What is civil engineering?
2. Have you ever pursued a course of study in any educational
institution, or with any civil engineer, which would fit you for the
position of assistant engineer? If so, state when and with whom; state
also, in detail, what experience you have had.
3. Have you ever had responsible charge of any public work? If so,
state particulars.
4. Solve the following according to the algebraic signs:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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