Scientific American Supplement, No. 561, October 2, 1886Various
Science
Scientific American Supplement, No. 561, October 2, 1886
Various
Science -- Periodicals
In conclusion, I wish to say that while I would beware of
underestimating the great scientific and practical value of the
endeavor of the new German glass makers to produce improved optical
glass, and the great benefit accruing to opticians and all others
interested in the use of optical instruments, I think it wise not to
overestimate the real value of the defects of the common crown and
flint glass, which I have sought to explain in this paper. And, for
myself, I prefer to fight the more serious defects first, and when its
time has come I will see what can be done with the secondary spectrum.
* * * * *
PROBABLE ISOLATION OF FLUORINE. DECOMPOSITION OF HYDROFLUORIC ACID
BY AN ELECTRIC CURRENT.
By M.H. MOISSAN.
In a former memoir[1] we showed that it was possible to decompose
anhydrous hydrofluoric acid by the action of an electric current. At
the negative pole hydrogen collects; at the positive pole a gaseous
body is disengaged, having novel properties. The experiment was
performed in a platinum U tube, closed by stoppers of fluorite, and
having at the upper part of each branch a small delivery tube, also of
platinum. Through the stopper passes a platinum rod, which acts as
electrode. The metal employed for the positive pole is an alloy
containing 10 per cent. of iridium.
[Footnote 1: _Comptes Rendus_, vol. cii., p. 1543, and _Chemical
News_, vol. liv., p. 36.]
To obtain pure anhydrous hydrofluoric acid, we begin by preparing
fluorhydrate of fluoride of potassium, taking all the precautions
pointed out by M. Fremy. When the salt is obtained pure, it is dried
on a water bath at 100 deg., and the platinum capsule containing it is
then placed in a vacuum in the presence of concentrated sulphuric
acid, and two or three sticks of potash fused in a silver crucible.
The acid and potash are renewed every morning for a fortnight, and the
vacuum is kept at 2 cm. of mercury. Care must be taken during this
desiccation to pulverize the salt every day in an iron mortar, so as
to renew the surface. When the fluorhydrate contains no more water it
falls to powder, and is then fit to serve for the preparation of
fluoric acid; the fluorhydrate of fluoride of potassium, if well
prepared, is much less deliquescent than the fluoride.
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