Scientific American Supplement, No. 561, October 2, 1886Various
Science
Scientific American Supplement, No. 561, October 2, 1886
Various
Science -- Periodicals
in other words, on the basis that one molecule of potassium
permanganate will oxidize one and two-thirds molecules of nitric
oxide:
(KMnO_{4} = 1-2/3 NO).
The method of using the apparatus is simple. The nitrate is placed in
B, and the joints made tight, except that at _f_, which is left open.
A current of carbon dioxide is passed through the apparatus until all
of the air has been displaced. Connection is then made at _f_, and
soon afterward the current of carbon dioxide is shut off at _d_.
The flask, B, is now heated as long as may be necessary in order to
produce, on cooling, the diminished pressure required for the
introduction of the ferrous chloride and hydrochloric acid. Before
removing the flame, the joint at _f_ is closed to prevent the return
of the permanganate solution.
As soon as the flask, B, has become sufficiently cool, the ferrous
chloride and hydrochloric acid are introduced through the tube, _a_
(which has been full of water from the first), in the same manner and
quantities as in the well-known Tiemann-Schulze method.
The pinch cock at _d_ is then opened, and the apparatus allowed to
fill with carbon dioxide. When the pressure has become sufficient to
force the gas through the solution of permanganate, the pinch cock at
_f_ is removed. It should be opened only slightly and with great
caution at first, unless one is certain that the pressure is
sufficient. If the pressure is insufficient, the fact will be made
apparent by a rise of the permanganate in the small internal tube.
The flow of carbon dioxide is now reduced to a very slow current, or
entirely cut off. The contents of B are slowly heated, until the
decomposition of the nitrate is complete and the greater part of the
nitric oxide has been expelled, when the apparatus is again closed at
_f_ and _d_, and allowed to cool. The tube, _a_, is then washed out,
by the introduction through it into B of a few cubic centimeters of
strong hydrochloric acid.
The process of filling the apparatus with carbon dioxide, and of
heating the contents of B, is repeated. When it becomes apparent, from
the light color of the liquid in B, that all of the nitric oxide has
been expelled from it, the current of carbon dioxide is increased and
the heating discontinued. Care must be taken, however, not to admit
too strong a current of carbon dioxide, lest some of the nitric oxide
should be forced unabsorbed through the permanganate solution. It is
also necessary, for the same reason, to avoid too rapid heating during
the decomposition of the nitrate.
When all of the nitric oxide has been forced into the solution of
permanganate, the determination is made in the manner already
described.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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