Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net [Illustration] SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 611 NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 17, 1887 Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XXIV., No. 611. Scientific American established 1845 Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year. Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year. * * * * * TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE I. BIOGRAPHY.--The New Statue of Philip Lebon.--Biography of the French pioneer inventor of gas lighting, with notes on the recent inauguration of his statue.--1 illustration. 9757 II. CHEMISTRY.--The Analysis of Urine.--An elaborate investigation of the method of analyzing chemically and microscopically this fluid, with illustrations of the apparatus employed.--4 illustrations 9758 III. ELECTRICITY.--Electrical Alarm for Pharmacists.--An apparatus for indicating to the pharmacist when he removes from the shelf a bottle containing poison.--2 illustrations. 9753 Electric Steel Railways.--By GEORGE W. MANSFIELD.--A full discussion of the problem of electric railways; comparison with horse and cable traction. 9752 IV. ENGINEERING.--Improved Oscillating Hydraulic Motor.--A small motor for household use, as for driving sewing machines and other domestic machinery.--8 illustrations. 9751 The Ceara Harbor Works.--A remarkable engineering work now in progress in Brazil; the formation of an artificial harbor.--4 illustrations. 9752 V. GEOLOGY.--Notes of a Recent Visit to Some of the Petroleum-Producing Territories of the United States and Canada.--By BOVERTON REDWOOD, F.I.C., F.C.S.--The second portion of this valuable paper, treating more particularly of Canadian petroleum. 9765 VI. METEOROLOGY.--The "Meteorologiske Institut" at Upsala, and Cloud Measurements.--The methods used and results attained in the famous Upsala observatory under Profs. Ekholm and Hagstroem; the measurement of clouds.--1 illustration. 9764 VII. MISCELLANEOUS.--Drawing Instrument for Accurate Work.--By J. LEHRKE.--A magnifying instrument for fine work and measurements.--2 illustrations. 9754 Liquid and Gaseous Rings.--Notes on the production of vortex rings.--The different aspects and breaking up of smoke rings.--6 illustrations. 9760 Scenes among the Extinct Volcanoes of Rhineland.--The picturesque features of the geological formations of this region described.--10 illustrations. 9762