Scientific American Supplement No. 822, October 3, 1891Various
Science
Scientific American Supplement No. 822, October 3, 1891
Various
Science -- Periodicals
We have stated the relation between the proposed standard ohm and the
unit of resistance originally determined by the British Association,
and have also stated its relation to the mercurial standard adopted by
the International Conference.
We find that considerations of practical importance make it
undesirable to adopt a mercurial standard; we have, therefore,
preferred to adopt a material standard constructed in solid metal.
It appears to us to be necessary that in transactions between buyer
and seller, a legal character should henceforth be assigned to the
units of electrical measurement now suggested; and with this view,
that the issue of an Order in Council should be recommended, under the
Weights and Measures Act, in the form annexed to this report.
_Specification referred to in Resolution 10._
In the following specification the term silver voltameter means the
arrangement of apparatus by means of which an electric current is
passed through a solution of nitrate of silver in water. The silver
voltameter measures the total electrical quantity which has passed
during the time of the experiment, and by noting this time the time
average of the current, or if the current has been kept constant, the
current itself, can be deduced.
In employing the silver voltameter to measure currents of about 1
ampere, the following arrangements should be adopted. The kathode on
which the silver is to be deposited should take the form of a platinum
bowl not less than 10 cm. in diameter, and from 4 to 5 cm. in depth.
The anode should be a plate of pure silver some 30 square cm. in area
and 2 or 3 millimeters in thickness.
This is supported horizontally in the liquid near the top of the
solution by a platinum wire passed through holes in the plate at
opposite corners. To prevent the disintegrated silver which is formed
on the anode from falling on to the kathode, the anode should be
wrapped round with pure filter paper, secured at the back with sealing
wax.
The liquid should consist of a neutral solution of pure silver
nitrate, containing about 15 parts by weight of the nitrate to 85
parts of water.
The resistance of the voltameter changes somewhat as the current
passes. To prevent these changes having too great an effect on the
current, some resistance besides that of the voltameter should be
inserted in the circuit. The total metallic resistance of the circuit
should not be less than 10 ohms.
_Method of making a Measurement._--The platinum bowl is washed with
nitric acid and distilled water, dried by heat, and then left to cool
in a desiccator. When thoroughly dry, it is weighed carefully.
It is nearly filled with the solution, and connected to the rest of
the circuit by being placed on a clean copper support, to which a
binding screw is attached. This copper support must be insulated.
The anode is then immersed in the solution, so as to be well covered
by it, and supported in that position; the connections to the rest of
the circuit are made.
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