Produced by Juliet Sutherland and the PG Online Distributed Proofreading Team at www.pgdp.net. [Illustration] SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN SUPPLEMENT NO. 832 NEW YORK, December 12, 1891. Scientific American Supplement. Vol. XXXII, No. 832. Scientific American established 1845 Scientific American Supplement, $5 a year. Scientific American and Supplement, $7 a year. * * * * * TABLE OF CONTENTS. I. ARCHAEOLOGY.--Archaeological Discoveries at Cadiz.--The discovery of Phenician relics in Spain, with the possibility of future important research in that region.--2 illustrations Prehistoric Horse in America.--Curious discovery of an aboriginal drawing in Nicaragua.--1 illustration II. ASTRONOMY.--A Plea for the Common Telescope.--By G.E. LUMSDEN.--The increasing interest in astronomy and instances of work done by telescopes of moderate power, giving examples from the work of celebrated observers III. BIOGRAPHY.--Alfred Tennyson.--Biographical note of the great poet, now past his 80th year, with portrait.--1 illustration Fiftieth Year of the Prince of Wales.--The Prince of Wales and his family, with notes of his life and habits.--1 illustration IV. CHEMISTRY.--American Association--Ninth Annual Report of the Committee on Indexing Chemical Literature.--A very important report upon the titular subject, with probabilities of future advance in this line.--The chemical index of the SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN and SUPPLEMENT Apparatus for the Estimation of Fat in Milk.--By E. MOLINARI.-- Details of a method of determining fat in milk, with illustration of the apparatus employed Further Researches upon the Element Fluorine.--By A.E. TUTTON.-- Additional researches upon this element, following up the work outlined by M. MOISSAN.--3 illustrations The Allotropic Conditions of Silver.--A recent letter from M. CAREY LEA on this subject, with note of its presentation before the French Academy by M. BERTHELOT The French Wine Law.--Recent enactment as to the adulterations of wine V. CIVIL ENGINEERING.--Modern Methods of Quarrying.--A recent paper of great value to all interested in exploiting quarries.--The most recent methods described, tending now to replace the cruder processes.--12 illustrations The Trotter Curve Ranger.--A surveying instrument for laying off railroad curves, with full details of its theory, construction, and use in the field.--4 illustrations VI. METALLURGY.--The Great Bell of the Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Montmartre.--The founding of the great bell "La Savoyarde" at the Paccard foundry in France.--Description of the bell, its inscriptions, and decorations.--3 illustrations