_Notably, however, to the contrary of the above, the exhibit of the American Watch Company was the ordinary and regular product of the factory, such as is finished every day._ Notwithstanding the possibility that these exhibits might have been better prepared for observatory time tests, some of the exhibits, as will be seen by the rating, demonstrate the wonderful advances made in the application of horological sciences to the manufacture of watches, and that their rating is being made equal to that of the best marine chronometers. The following is the report of Professor Russell, and the accompanying diagram (see next page) will readily give an idea of the comparative performance of the different watches. "_Sydney Observatory, 26th February, 1880_. "GREGORY P. HARTE, ESQ., "_Chairman of the Judges in Horology_. "SIR: I have the honor to report that, in response to your circular, inviting exhibitors of watches each to send three watches to the Observatory to be tested, I received on Monday, February 16th: "Three watches, Nos. 611, 669, 237, from Mr. Dolman, agent for Mr. Tribandeau, Besançon. "Three watches, Nos. 987271, 670068, 1221336, from Mr. Manson, agent for Waltham Watch Company. "Three watches, Nos. 3171, 1935, 2526, from Mr. Allerding, agent for Mr. Kullberg. "And on the forenoon of February 17th: "Three watches, Nos. 11527, 19967, 12629, from Mr. Hoffnung, agent for Lange & Sons. "Three watches, Nos. 1004, 8632, 8370, from Mr. Jacob, as agent for Nicole & Nielsen. "Three watches, Nos. 70690, 23496, 113516, from Mr. Jacob, as agent for Thomas Russell & Sons. "One watch, No. 47150, from Mr. Jacob, as agent for Castleberg. "Three watches, Nos. 12731, 12483, 11680, from Mr. Wiesener, as agent for L. Audemars. "And on 18th February: "Two watches, Nos. 2724, 3528, from Mr. Jacob, as agent for Castleberg. "On the 17th I began rating these watches, keeping them all in one position (hanging), and subject to the same conditions of temperature; in fact, they were all hung on one board, and kept in a compartment locked up so as to avoid change of temperature, except such changes as were due to changes in the weather. "They were rated once a day by the standard clock, which affords special convenience for this work, and the error of which was found by daily astronomical observations giving the absolute time; great care was taken in rating so as to get the exact error of each watch every day, care being taken at the same time to avoid errors in the seconds dials, a fault sufficiently obvious in some of these exhibits. "In presenting the result of this test in the form of a diagram (see diagram on the opposite page), it is necessary to explain that the curves show only the change of rate in each case, and nothing is shown here of the actual rate, which was large in several instances.