Scientific American, Vol. XXXVII.—No. 2. [New Series.], July 14, 1877: A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and ManufacturesVarious
Science
Scientific American, Vol. XXXVII.—No. 2. [New Series.], July 14, 1877: A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures
Various
Science -- Periodicals; Technology -- Periodicals
There can be no question of the ability of Europeans to sustain
themselves in the greater part of the interior-certainly on all the
higher plateaus-nor of the possibility of building up in Central
Africa a great civilized empire. Nature offers every facility, and the
native population seem to be well fitted for productive industry. In
every respect they are physically and morally superior to the negroes
of the coast, and only need protection and the encouragement of
legitimate commerce to weld them into a great nation. Already
they stand on the borders of civilization. They are intelligent,
industrious, and not unskillful in the manufacture of iron and copper
ornaments, utensils, and weapons. The arts of tanning, spinning,
weaving, dyeing, mat-making, etc., are widely diffused among them, and
many of their products are remarkable for their fineness and
strength. They carry on agriculture with considerable success;
and, notwithstanding the chronic state of insecurity incident to
slave-hunting, their wealth in cattle is very great. As soon as the
disturbing and impoverishing influence of the slave traffic is abated,
and a market provided for the products of peace, the advancement of
the people in civilization is likely to go on with great rapidity.
As the source of raw materials which we need, and as a market for the
surplus manufactures of Europe and America, the country offers, to say
the least, many attractions; and it will not be surprising if, within
fifty years, thriving commercial stations will be founded on all
its great lakes and rivers, and connected with the outer world by
telegraphy, railways, and steamship lines.
* * * * *
ADDRESS OF CLARENCE KING ON CATASTROPHISM.
Mr. Clarence King lately delivered an interesting address before the
Sheffield Scientific School of Yale College, New Haven, Conn., under
the title of "Catastrophism, or the Evolution of Environment," which
promises to evoke considerable discussion. We subjoin an abstract of
the principal features of the address, which is quite lengthy. The
full text will be found in our SUPPLEMENTS, Nos. 80, 81.
Mr. King refuted the doctrine of slow evolution as taught by Huxley
and Darwin, and declared that the surface of the earth and climate had
been subject to sudden and catastrophic mutation, which included in
its environment all types of life.
He reasoned that marine fossils are found entombed in rocky beds far
remote from present seas; and that these beds were once sea bottoms
that have been upheaved by convulsions of Nature. The earliest history
of mankind is pregnant with catastrophe, and we have historic story
and biblical record of its sudden and destructive energy. He called
to mind the vast and massive eruptions of the Pliocene basalt as seen
upon our own continent.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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