Scientific American, Vol. XXXVII.—No. 2. [New Series.], July 14, 1877: A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures — John Shaqi
Scientific American, Vol. XXXVII.—No. 2. [New Series.], July 14, 1877: A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and ManufacturesVarious
Science
Scientific American, Vol. XXXVII.—No. 2. [New Series.], July 14, 1877: A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures
Various
Science -- Periodicals; Technology -- Periodicals
Mr. King, however, is not a Catastrophist of a very violent sort. He
shelves among the errors of the past the belief in such cataclysms as
Cuvier believed in, involving world-wide destruction of all life--"the
mere survival of a prehistoric terror, backed up by breaks in the
palæontological record and protected within those safe cities of
refuge, the Cosmogonies;" though he rejects as equally unsatisfactory
the mild affirmations of the Uniformitarians, that existing rates
of change and indefinite time are enough to account for all the
geological record. With our present light, he holds, geological
history seems to be a dovetailing together of the two ideas. "The ages
have had their periods of geological serenity, when change progressed
in the still, unnoticeable way, and life through vast lapses of
time followed the stately flow of years; drifting on by insensible
gradations through higher and higher forms, and then all at once
a part of the earth suffered short, sharp, destructive revolution
unheralded as an earthquake or volcanic eruptions." Thus stated, his
position does not seem to be radically different from that of
the broader Uniformitarians, except that he marks the periods of
accelerated physical change, and not those of comparative quiescence,
as the dominant ones in their influence on life-change. He takes
high and strong ground, too, in insisting that it is the business
of geology not simply to decipher and map out the changes which have
taken place in the configuration of the globe and in its climatic
conditions, but also to investigate and fix the rates of change. And
when the evolution of environment takes form as a distinct branch of
geology, he expects to witness a marked modification in the dominant
views of biologists. Its few broad laws will include "neither the
absolute uniformitarianism of Lyell and Hutton, Darwin and Haeckel,
nor the universal catastrophism of Cuvier and the majority of
teleogists." "Huxley alone among prominent evolutionists opens the
door for a union of the residue of truth in the two schools, fusing
them in his proposed evolutional geology."
So, on looking back over a trail of thirty thousand miles of
geological travel, Mr. King is impelled to say that Mr. Huxley's
far-sighted view perfectly satisfies his interpretation of the broad
facts of the American continent.
Of Mr. King's observations in regard to plasticity of physical
structure in connection with rapidly changing environment and the
struggle for existence, we propose to speak at another time.
* * * * *
The great stone monuments of England, like Stonehenge, are supposed,
by Mr. James Fergusson, to be military trophies, erected in the time
of King Arthur on the battle fields by the victorious armies.
* * * * *
A NEW APPARATUS FOR STORING AND UTILIZING SOLAR HEAT.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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