Scientific American, Vol. XXXVII.—No. 2. [New Series.], July 14, 1877: A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and ManufacturesVarious
Science
Scientific American, Vol. XXXVII.—No. 2. [New Series.], July 14, 1877: A Weekly Journal of Practical Information, Art, Science, Mechanics, Chemistry, and Manufactures
Various
Science -- Periodicals; Technology -- Periodicals
In the manufacture of the explosive known as dynamite, an infusorial
earth is used, which is filled with or made to absorb nitroglycerin.
As compared with certain kinds of charcoal, however, the absorptive
and retentive power of infusorial earth in small changes of
temperature unfavorably affect the common dynamite, and cause a
separation of the nitrogylcerin from the infusorial earth. The
improvement we now refer to is the invention of G. Fahnehjelm, of
Stockholm, Sweden, and consists in the substitution of a highly
porous and absorptive species of wood charcoal, in place of the
earth heretofore employed. The author designates his production as
"sebastin," and gives a number of interesting particulars as follow:
In order to produce a charcoal having the required quantities, the
carbonization or coking must be done in such a manner as to completely
destroy the organic substances, and to produce as porous a charcoal as
possible. For this he selects by preference young trees or striplings
or branches of poplar, hazelwood, or alder tree, and he burns them in
an open fire. When the wood has been consumed he does not put out the
fire by means of water, but leaves it to go out of itself. In this
way he obtains a very inflammable and very porous charcoal, which can
absorb more than five, and approaching six times its weight of
nitroglycerin without any risk of the separation of the oil. The
charcoal is pulverized in a wooden mortar, but it should not be
reduced to too fine a powder, else it will not so completely absorb
the nitroglycerin. The charcoal produced in the ordinary way, or by
closed fire, is quite different as regards absorbing power. Charcoal
of fir trees may, however, be used, and may acquire nearly the same
qualities, that is, if charred a second time in a special oven.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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