But in this respect they were in error to a certain extent, for it was not so much in respect to things as in respect to actions that the king separated their apathy into pleasure and pain. For instance, there was a peculiar species of shell which was found in many parts of the valley, covered with strange and involved lines and marks. Now the king had struck the apathy of the inhabitants into two moments with regard to this shell, one of pain connected with tracing out the twistings and interweavings of the hues on the shell, one of pleasure in contemplating the shell when the twistings and interweavings had been deciphered. Now it was the custom of the inhabitants to call the shell in its undeciphered condition a painful object, in its deciphered condition a pleasant object. And whoever could, would get as many deciphered shells as possible and experience the wave of pleasure in looking at them. Now in the earlier ages those who deciphered the shells, or did work of a similar kind, had been forced to do it; they were a kind of slaves dependent on the will of their masters, who took away all the pleasures of their life. But in these earlier ages a great danger arose, for when all the pleasure was taken away by their masters, great masses of these slaves sank into apathy, and it seemed as if the valley was sinking into deadness. Now this was a great terror with the inhabitants whose life was pleasurable, and at length they determined that there should not be any more of these slaves. But each of the inhabitants when he worked for another had to have it made worth his while. In this way a great diminution took place in the pleasure-giving power of the so-called pleasurable things. For if a man had had it made worth his while to decipher one of these shells, he had had a great deal or nearly all of the pain he spent in doing it counterbalanced by the pleasure given him to induce him to do it. Hence when the shell was handed over there was not much to enjoy in it; for by the law of the valley the pleasure and the pain were equal, and the decipherer, not having gone through so much pain on the whole, there was but little pleasure to be got. In fact, at this time the fashion of filling the houses of the more powerful of the inhabitants with the so-called pleasurable things had somewhat gone out, and it had passed into a proverb, “It is better to decipher your own shells.”