It is important to know in a general way where the blood vessels are in order to put the pad over them to stop the bleeding. Roughly speaking, the artery of the arm runs down about in a line with the inner seam of the coat. The large vein lies close beside it, carrying the blood back to the heart. The artery and vein of the leg run about in a line with the inside seam of a man's trousers. _Stimulants_--In serious bleeding of any kind do not give stimulants until the bleeding has been stopped, as the stimulants increase the force of the heart and so increase the flow of blood. After the tourniquet is on and bleeding is stopped, if the patient is very weak, he may have a teaspoonful of aromatic spirits of ammonia in half a glass of water. (a) SHOCKS; (b) APOPLEXY; (c) CONVULSIONS (a) _Shocks_--In any injury, except the slight ones, the ends of the nerves in the skin are bruised or jarred. They send this jar along the nerves to the very delicate brain. The blood is drawn from the brain into the larger blood vessels, and the result produced is called shock. If you have jammed your finger in a door sometime, perhaps you have felt a queer sick feeling and had to sit down. A cold sweat broke out all over you, and you were hardly conscious for a moment or two. This was a mild case of shock. In more severe injuries a shock to the brain may be very serious. _Symptoms of Shock_--1. The patient may or may not be unconscious, but he may take no notice of what is going on around him. 2. The face is pale and clammy. 3. The skin is cold. 4. The pulse is weak. 5. The breathing is shallow. In any serious injury the shock is liable to be severe and will need to be treated before the doctor arrives. _Treatment_--Send for the doctor if serious. 1. Lay the patient flat on his back with head low, so that the heart can more easily pump the blood back into the brain. 2. Cover warmly; if they can be gotten, put around him several hot water bottles or bricks, being extremely careful to have them covered so that they will not burn him. Persons suffering from shock are more easily burnt than usual. Do not put anything hot next him unless it can be held against your own face for a minute without feeling too hot. 3. Rub the arms and legs, toward the body, but under the covers. 4. Give stimulants only after the patient has recovered enough to swallow, and when there is no serious bleeding. _Stimulants_--Strong, hot coffee, or a half teaspoonful of aromatic spirits of ammonia in a half glass of warm water. The latter may be given if the coffee is not ready. (b) _Apoplexy_--When a person has a "stroke" of apoplexy send for the doctor at once.