This condition resembles shock only in that the patient is unconscious. The blow to the delicate brain does not come from the outside along the nerves, but from the inside by the breaking of a blood vessel in the brain, letting the blood out into the brain tissue and forming a clot inside of the brain, and thus making pressure which produces the unconsciousness. _Symptoms of Apoplexy_--1. The patient is unconscious. 2. The face is usually flushed--red. 3. The skin is not cold and clammy. 4. The pulse is slow and full. 5. The breathing is snoring instead of shallow. 6. The pupils of the eye are usually unequally dilated. _Treatment_--1. Lay the patient flat on his back with head slightly raised. 2. Do not give any stimulants. 3. Wait for the doctor. (c) _Convulsions_--This condition resembles the foregoing shock and apoplexy in that the patient is unconscious. _Symptoms of Convulsions_--1. The patient is unconscious. 2. The face is usually pale at first, but not so white as in shock, and later is flushed, often even purplish. 3. The skin is not usually cold. 4. The breathing may be shallow or snoring. 5. There are twitchings of the muscles of the face and body or a twisting motion of the body. 6. The pulse may be rapid, but is usually regular. 7. The mouth may be flecked with foam. 8. The pupils of the eye may be contracted or equally dilated. _Treatment_--Convulsions come from various causes, and are always serious, therefore send for the doctor at once. 1. Put a wedge of some kind between the teeth if possible, the handle of a spoon protected by a cloth cover, or a rolled napkin does well. This is to prevent biting the tongue, which the patient is apt to do in unconsciousness with convulsive movements. 2. Lay the patient flat on his back, and prevent him from hurting himself in his twisting, but do not try to stop convulsive movement. It will do no good. 3. No stimulant is needed. (a) SUNSTROKE; (b) FREEZING (a) _Sunstroke_--Sunstroke is caused by too long exposure to excessive heat, or to the direct rays of the sun, and is much more serious than heat exhaustion, which you have already studied. _Prevention_--Do not stay out in the direct sunlight too long on a hot summer day. Wear a large hat which shades the head and face well, if obliged to be in the hot sun for any length of time. Do not wear too heavy clothing in the hot weather. Leaves or a wet sponge in the top of the hat will help to prevent sunstroke. Drink plenty of cool water between meals. _Symptoms of Sunstroke_--1. The patient is unconscious. 2. The face is red. 3. The pupils large. 4. The skin very hot and dry, with _no_ perspiration. 5. The pulse is full and slow. 6. The breathing is sighing. _Treatment_--1. Get the patient into the shade where it is as cool as possible. 2. Send for the doctor. 3. Remove the greater part of the clothing. 4. Apply cold water or ice to the head, face, chest and armpits.