Graves of Dipylon style at Athens, 105. Periods of Athenian monuments, 106. First period, the mound and stele, 108; the table, 109; the pillar, 110. Early Athenian tombs usually of the young, 111. Second period; forms of tombs, 112; marble vases, 113. Tombs usually of families, 116. The use of painting and metal on marble, 116. Determination of dates of tombs, 117. Third period, 118. Preservation of part of cemetery at Athens, 118. Architectural decoration of tombs; the acanthus, 119; the sphinx, 121; the siren, 126; goats butting, 128; the lion, 130; the bull, 131. CHAPTER IX. ATHENS AND GREECE. PORTRAITS. Portraits of the dead originate in Ionia, 133. Portraits at Athens, 134; their ideal character, 134. Portrait statues, 135; on horseback or on foot, 136; female figures, 137. The dead as Hermes, 138. Statues of mourning women, 139. Portraits on stelae, first period, 140; Aristion, Lyseas, 141; stelae of youths, 143. Second period, stelae of citizens, 145; stelae of warriors, 146; Dexileos, 147; young athletes, 149; hunters, 152; students, 153; shipwrecked men, 154; children, 154; matrons, 157; girls, 158; priestesses, 160. CHAPTER X. FAMILY GROUPS. Pathos and charm of Attic groups, 162. Predominance of women, 163. Women and children in later Greece, 163. Stelae with father and children, 164; mother and children, 166. Family groups, 167. Series of groups representing leave-taking, 168; series representing self-adornment, 171. Stele of Phaenarete, 173. Stele of Ameinocleia, 176. Dressing for a journey or offerings to the dead? 176. Domestic interiors or scenes at the tomb? 178. Several stone lekythi on one slab, 178. Occasional appearance of Hermes, 180. CHAPTER XI. MEANING AND STYLE OF THE RELIEFS. Do the Attic reliefs refer to past or future life? 182. Line of connexion with Spartan stelae, 182; the wine-cup, the pomegranate, the cock, 183; the dove, the horse, 184; the dog, 185. Reliefs which clearly refer to past life, 185. The δεξίωσις, 186. We must distinguish between origin and meaning of reliefs, 187. Oblong reliefs refer to the future, 188; in them Herakles and Dionysus sometimes present, 189. Style of archaic reliefs, 190; bear name of sculptor, 191. Lower level of style in fifth-century reliefs, 191. Fourth-century reliefs connected with the second Attic school of sculpture, 193. CHAPTER XII. INSCRIPTIONS. Simplicity of inscriptions on early stelae, 195. Explicatory character of inscriptions, 196. Occurrence of χαῖρε, 197. Inscription of Dexileos, 197. Longer inscriptions after the fourth century, 197. Specimens of public epitaphs over warriors, 198; over others, 201. Specimens of later inscriptions, 203; sentiments as to life, 204; statements as to the future life, 204. Orphism in epitaphs, 206. Threats to violators, 207. Epitaphs of the _Palatine Anthology_, 208. CHAPTER XIII. LATER MONUMENTS OF ASIA MINOR.