Since this particular subject has never before been represented by any technical work, and appears to have been neglected, it is hoped that the trade will appreciate the endeavor in bringing this book before them, as well as the difficulties encountered in compiling it, as it is the first of its kind in existence. The author trusts that his efforts will present some information that may be applied with advantage, or serve at least as a matter of consideration or investigation. In every case the aim has been to give the facts, and wherever a machine or appliance has been illustrated or commented upon, or the name of the maker has been mentioned, it has not been with the intention either of recommending or disparaging his or their work, but has been made use of merely to illustrate the text. The preparation of the following pages has been a work of pleasure to the author. If they prove beneficial and of service to his fellow-workmen he will have been amply repaid. THE AUTHOR. September, 1917 CONTENTS SECTION I TIMBER PAGES Characteristics and Properties of Same--Structure of Wood--Properties of Wood--Classes of Trees 1-7 SECTION II CONIFEROUS TREES Wood of Coniferous Trees--Bark and Pith--Sapwood and Heartwood--The Annual or Yearly Ring--Spring- and Summer-Wood--Anatomical Structure--List of Important Coniferous Trees 8-30 SECTION III BROAD-LEAVED TREES Wood of Broad-leaved Trees--Minute Structure--List of Most Important Broad-leaved Trees--Red Gum--Range of Red Gum--Form of Red Gum--Tolerance of Red Gum--Its Demands upon Soil and Moisture--Reproduction of Red Gum--Second-growth Red Gum--Tupelo Gum--Uses of Tupelo Gum--Range of Tupelo Gum 31-85 SECTION IV GRAIN, COLOR, ODOR, WEIGHT, AND FIGURE IN WOOD Different Grains of Wood--Color and Odor of Wood--Weight of Wood--Weight of Kiln-dried Wood of Different Species--Figure in Wood 86-97 SECTION V ENEMIES OF WOOD General Remarks--Ambrosia or Timber Beetles--Round-headed Borers--Flat-headed Borers--Timber Worms--Powder Post Borers--Conditions Favorable for Insect Injury--Crude Products--Round Timber with Bark on--How to Prevent Injury--Saplings--Stave, Heading, and Shingle Bolts--Unseasoned Products in the Rough--Seasoned Products in the Rough--Dry Cooperage Stock and Wooden Truss Hoops--Staves and Heads of Barrels Containing Alcoholic Liquids 98-113 SECTION VI