Our illustrations show a variety of drawings and carvings. It appears probable that the primitive intention of ancient man in depicting animals was "to work magic" on those which he hunted. This is the case at the present day among many "savage" races. The drawings of bisons in Fig. 19 are from the walls of the cavern of Font de Gaume, in the Dordogne, and are about 5 ft. long, partly engraved and scraped, partly outlined in black, and coloured. The body is often coloured in red, white and black, so as to give a true representation of the masses of hair and surface contours. A specially well preserved painting of this kind–from the cavern of Altamira–is shown in Fig. 18, where the colours of the original–black, red, and brown, and white are indicated by the varied shading. These drawings, like those of the mammoths figured in the last chapter, are found in the recesses of caverns where no daylight reaches them, and must have been executed and viewed by aid of torch or lamp-light. They probably were exhibited as part of a ceremony connected with witchcraft and magic. These, like the mammoths and all the specimens figured here, were executed in the Reindeer, or later Pleistocene period. The exact "horizon" of each is, as a rule, well ascertained, but there is uncertainty as to whether some specimens should be attributed to the Aurignacian or to the Magdalenian horizon–and as to whether work by men of the Magdalenian race is not in some cases associated in the cave deposits with that by the earlier negroid Aurignacians. [Illustration: FIG. 18.–Bison from the roof of the cavern of Altamira: engraved, and also painted in three colours (5 feet long).] [Illustration: FIG. 19.–Bison: wall engravings (5 feet long) filled in with colour (Font de Gaume).] [Illustration: FIG. 20.–Bear: engraved on stalagmite, from the cave of Teyjat near Eyzies. (Small size.)] [Illustration: FIG. 21.–Bear, engraved on stone, Massol (Ariège).] [Illustration: FIG. 22.–Wolf, engraved on wall of the cave of Combarelles.] [Illustration: FIG. 23.–Wall engraving of a Cave Lion (Combarelles).]