=Amásis=: an insurgent Egyptian general who secured the throne (569 B.C.). His rule was beneficent and prosperous, and he cultivated the friendship of the Greeks, handing over to them the town of Naucratis (q. v.). When reproached with his humble origin he converted his bronze foot-pan into the effigy of a deity by way of instructive parable. He was visited by Solon and had amicable relations with Croesus. =Ammónius=: Peripatetic philosopher from Attica, teacher of Plutarch, who speaks elsewhere of his great erudition. =Amphiaráus=: legendary seer of Argos, who accompanied the ‘Seven’ in their expedition against Thebes. A pious and just man, who was led into this false step by the persuasions of his wife, who had been bribed. =Amphíctyons=: members of a religious Council meeting at Delphi and representing the older Greek communities. =Amphídămas=: ‘hero’ (i. e. demigod) of Chalcis in Euboea, conceived as a historical personage. =Amphitrítë=: wife of Poseidon and queen-goddess of the sea. =Anacharsis=: Scythian prince (of N. Thrace). To Greek literature he is the type of the observant and critical visitor from abroad. A pattern of the simple life and direct thinking. Said to have visited Athens about 600 B.C. =Anaxarchus=: an easy-going and witty philosopher of the school of Democritus (q. v.); in the suite of Alexander on his Asiatic expedition. =Antígŏnus=: a general of Alexander. On the partition of the empire he received Phrygia, Lycia, and Pamphylia, but afterwards extended his rule over all the Asiatic portion. He fell before a combination of the other Diadochi in 301 B.C. =Antímăchus=: epic poet of Colophon, who wrote at great length on the story of Thebes. He also composed a voluminous elegy on ‘Lyde’. Both pieces were crammed with mythological and other learning, and Plutarch appears to treat him as a type of the diffuse. He was a contemporary of Plato. =Antípăter=: (1) regent of Macedonia during the Asiatic expedition of Alexander and after his death (334-320 B.C.). A war with a Greek league headed by Athens ended in the submission of the latter. (2) A Stoic philosopher of Tyre; a friend of Cato the younger, about the middle of the first century B.C. =Antiphōn=: several persons were so named, e. g.: (1) an orator of the fifth century B.C. (2) An Athenian tragic poet, put to death by the elder Dionysius at Syracuse. (3) A sophist, epic poet, and antagonist of Socrates. =Apéllēs=: (1) of Colophon or Cos, _fl._ _c._ 335-305 B.C. The greatest painter of antiquity, especially favoured by Alexander the Great. His maxim for draughtsmen _nulla dies sine linea_ is famous. (2) Of Chios, apparently unknown beyond Plutarch. =Appius Claudius= (=Caecus=): Roman censor 312 B.C., originator of the Appian Way. =Aráspēs=: a Mede, friend of Cyrus, who became enamoured of Panthea (q. v.).