(2) The younger (or ‘Uticensis’), 95-46 B.C.; modelled himself on his great-grandfather in respect of the moral and simple life, but was much inferior in gifts. Committed suicide 46 B.C., when the struggle against the domination of Julius Caesar had become hopeless. =Cĕbēs=: of Thebes, a pupil of Socrates and a _persona_ in Plato’s _Phaedo_. He is chiefly known for his (if it is his) symbolic picture or ‘table’ of human life. =Cĕrămeicus (-í-)=: a suburb without, and a broad street within, the west walls of Athens. =Cercópes=: mythical gnomes, mischievous and thievish, who annoyed Heracles by their monkey-like tricks. =Chábrȋas=: Athenian commander at various times between 392 and 357 B.C., gaining some successes by land and sea against the Spartans. An able tactician, adventurous, but of somewhat dissolute life. =Chalcis=: chief town of Euboea (Negropont), once a most important commercial centre. =Charēs=: Athenian general, of whose various operations we have records for 367-333 B.C. A man of little principle. He effected little against the Macedonians, and often followed independent and useless lines of action. =Chármȋdes=: uncle of Plato, who names one of his Socratic dialogues after him. At the supposed date he was a beautiful and charming youth, and the discussion is upon ‘self-control’. =Chīlōn=: of Lacedaemon: _fl._ _c._ 600-570 B.C. Poet and coiner of maxims, and shrewd man of affairs. =Chryséïs=: captive woman assigned to Agamemnon; surrendered by him at the bidding of Apollo, in order to check a pestilence. =Cimōn=: son of Miltiades, became prominent as a commander against the Persians in 477 B.C. His chief exploit was the victory of Eurymedon, 466 B.C. A handsome, liberal, affable, but somewhat self-indulgent person. =Cīnésias=: Athenian dithyrambic poet, much satirized by Aristophanes and others. His verse, music, and character appear all to have been of an inferior order. =Claudia=: Roman maiden, who, in full vindication of her chastity, was enabled to move the vessel containing the image of Cybele when it stuck fast in the Tiber. =Cleánthes=: Stoic philosopher, pupil and successor of Zeno (q. v.) 263 B.C. The only fragment of his writing still extant is from a Hymn to Zeus. =Cleárchus=: (1) of Heraclea on the Black Sea; availed himself of faction to make himself despot and tyrant (365 B.C.). Despite the precautions described by Plutarch he was assassinated in 353 B.C. (2) Of Sparta, leader of the 10,000 Greeks in the expedition of Cyrus the Younger against Babylon; decoyed and put to death by the Persians, 401 B.C. The retreat was led by Xenophon (q.v.). =Cleisthĕnes=: Athenian noble, who adopted the popular cause and made important democratic changes in the constitution; _fl._ from 510 B.C.