=Aristotle=: of Stageira, but commonly domiciled in Athens or in Macedonia. Pupil of Plato and subsequently tutor of Alexander. Founder of the Peripatetic school, with its head-quarters in the Lyceum (q. v.). His whole tone of mind is strikingly unlike that of his teacher, being eminently precise, logical, and scientific. His writing is without literary charm. He aimed at sound and comprehensive knowledge as the basis of right principles in society, conduct, and the arts (384-322 B.C.). =Asclépius=: (= Aesculapius), the Greek ‘hero’ of medicine, converted by legend into a son of Apollo and ultimately into a god. =Atreides= (=Atrídes=): = ‘son of Atreus’, a title of Agamemnon and Menelaus. =Áttălus= (brother of Eumenes): Attalus Philadelphus, king of Pergamus, allied with the Romans in the middle of the second century B.C. Philopoemen was his controlling minister. =Bacchýlȋdes=: lyric poet of Ceos, _fl._ _c._ 470 B.C., principally at the court of Hiero of Syracuse. In general he may be called a smoother and weaker Pindar. =Bagóas=: a handsome young eunuch of Darius, afterwards taken into the service and affections of Alexander. =Báthycles=: an artist in metal-work, of uncertain date, but probably to be placed in the early part of the age of the Seven Sages. =Bato=: comic poet of Athens, _fl._ _c._ 280 B.C.; satirized philosophers. =Bias=: of Priene; precise date unknown, but _fl._ _c._ 550 B.C. He is invariably included in the list of the Seven Sages. =Biōn=: _fl._ _c._ 250 B.C., a philosopher from Olbia on the Black Sea, who settled at Athens, tried various systems, and ended by being a Peripatetic. He was noted for his keen sententious sayings, but was of dissolute character. Has been called ‘the Greek Voltaire’. =Brīséïs=: captive woman assigned to Achilles, but taken from him by Agamemnon when he surrendered Chryseis. =Busírites=: the people of Busiris (modern Abousir), about the middle of the Delta; one of the traditional birthplaces of Osiris. =Calchas=: the seer of the Achaean army before Troy. =Callísthĕnes=: philosopher and rhetorician; accompanied Alexander into Asia, where he used over-bold language in reproving him. Put to death 328 B.C. He wrote an account of the expedition and other historical works. =Calýpso=: nymph, on whose island the shipwrecked Odysseus was detained for seven years. =Carnĕădes=: of Cyrene, 213(?)-129 B.C.; a student of Stoicism, but leader of the Academics. He was ambassador on behalf of Athens (155 B.C.) to Rome, where he delivered striking discourses on ethics. His cardinal doctrine was the ‘withholding of assent’ to doctrines. =Cato=: (1) the elder (or ‘the Censor’), 234-149 B.C. The type of severe old-fashioned Roman morality; soldier, statesman, orator, and writer.