=Cýpsĕlus=: father of Periander, established himself as despot of Corinth _c._ 656 B.C. His name was commonly associated with _cypsele_ (‘chest’). The designs upon him in his infancy were those of a Corinthian noble house, and were made in consequence of an oracle foretelling danger from the child. =Cyrus=: (1) the elder: the famous Persian monarch, founder of the empire, and subjugator of Babylon. The stories told of him in the _Cyropaedia_ of Xenophon are largely romance. (2) the younger: satrap of Lydia, Phrygia, &c., who sought, but failed, to dispossess his brother Artaxerxes with the assistance of a Greek force (401 B.C.). This was the expedition related in Xenophon’s _Anabasis_. =Daphnūs=: a river running into the Corinthian Gulf on the north side not far from the entrance. =Dāríus=: (1) Darius I; strong and able king of Persia (521-485 B.C.), previously satrap under Cyrus the Great. This is the Darius mentioned in connexion with Gobryas. (2) Darius II (Ochus or Nothus), or Darius the Younger, a weak monarch endangered by perpetual rebellions, 424-405 B.C. (3) Darius Codomannus, overthrown by Alexander. Died 330 B.C. =Délos=: central island of the south half of the Aegean, with a temple of Apollo, the gathering-place of a great religious confederacy of Ionians. =Dēmarátus=: of Corinth, in friendly relations with Philip and a mediator between him and Alexander after their quarrel in 337 B.C. =Dēmétrius=: (1) Demetrius I (or Poliorcetes), king of Macedonia. His father Antigonus, king of Asia, sent him in 307 B.C. to annex Greece, then under Cassander and Ptolemy. It was at this time that he took Megara and met with Stilpo (q. v.). (2) Demetrius Phaléreus: Athenian orator and writer (345-283 B.C.); an able and cultivated man, put in charge of Athens by the Macedonians, 317 B.C. First highly honoured, then expelled, he made his way to Thebes and subsequently to Alexandria. (3) The name of several Macedonian officers in the army of Alexander. =Dēmócrȋtus=: _c._ 460-360 B.C. Of Abdēra in Thrace. A great traveller and student, who developed (though he did not invent) the ‘Atomic Theory’. Ethically his aim was cheerfulness of mind (hence ‘the laughing philosopher’). His character was of the highest for truth and simplicity. =Dicaeárchus=: philosopher from Massana in Sicily; writer on history and geography. A follower of Aristotle, _fl._ _c._ 300 B.C. =Díŏcles=: the narrator of the Dinner of the Seven Sages: professional seer, and interpreter and expiator of omens and dreams. Nothing is known of such a person outside Plutarch. =Diógĕnes=: (1) the Cynic philosopher of Sinope, who migrated to Athens, and after being captured by pirates was sold as a slave to a Corinthian. Whether or not he ever lived in the famous (earthenware) ‘tub’ is doubtful. He was distinguished for his plainness of life, his shrewd good sense, his independence, and his caustic tongue. (2) Tragic poet of Athens, _c._ 404 B.C.