=Diōn=: of Syracuse, brother-in-law of the elder Dionysius (q. v.). On the visit of Plato to Sicily he became a disciple of that philosopher. The younger Dionysius resented his reputation and his harshness. Dion therefore removed to Athens and other parts of Greece, whence he returned with a force, expelled Dionysius, and was himself appointed practically dictator. Assassinated 353 B.C. =Dionysius=: (i) the elder: despot of Syracuse (‘sole general’) 405-367 B.C. He extended its power over a great part of Sicily, and strongly fortified the city itself. In the end he became a veritable tyrant. Like many other despots he affected literature and philosophy, and himself wrote bad verses. After inviting Plato to Syracuse he quarrelled with and dismissed that philosopher. (2) the younger, who succeeded his father. For a time he was under the influence of Dion (q.v.) assisted by Plato. Of weaker character and more licentious than his father, he was compelled to abandon Syracuse after a rule of eleven years. Insecurely restored ten years later he was again driven out by Timoleon (343 B.C.). The remainder of his life was spent in poverty at Corinth, where he is said to have taught an elementary school. =Dōdóna=: in Epirus, near the modern Janina; a very ancient seat of the worship of Zeus. =Dolōn=: a Trojan in the _Iliad_, who undertakes to penetrate the Achaean camp as a spy, but is slain in the attempt. =Dryópians=: a people of Central Greece. =Elephantínë= = Djesiret-el-Sag; a garrisoned island in the Nile (First Cataract) opposite the modern Assouan; the frontier town of Egypt towards Ethiopia. =Empédŏcles=: Sicilian physical and practical philosopher of Acragas (= Girgenti); _fl._ _c._ 450 B.C. His studies of nature specially qualified him for the cure or ‘purification’ of epidemics due to insanitary conditions. His travels took him to Athens and other parts of Greece. The legend went that he threw himself into the crater of Etna. =Eōs=: = Aurora, dawn-goddess; wife of Tithonus; mother of Memnon, the opponent of Achilles. =Epáminōndas=: a type of patriotism, particularly to his compatriot Plutarch. The greatest of Theban commanders and statesmen, especially famous for his victory over the Spartans at Leuctra (371 B.C.). So far as he applied any philosophy to life, it was that of Pythagoras. =Éphŏrus=: historian of Cumae, _fl._ _c._ 340 B.C. His history, once very famous and much discussed, covered a period of 750 years. =Epichármus=: _c._ 540-450 B.C.; the great comic poet of Sicily, chiefly associated with the court of Hiero I (q.v.) at Syracuse.