=Phálăris=: despot of Agrigentum in Sicily _c._ 570 B.C. His name was in some legends proverbial for cruelty, and with him is associated the legend of roasting his victims in a brazen bull. Put he is sometimes represented otherwise and as a student of letters and philosophy. =Pheidias= (=Phíd=-) of Athens, the most eminent sculptor of antiquity: died 432 B.C. He is best known for his work upon the Parthenon and his colossal statue of Zeus at Olympia. =Phérae=: a town in Thessaly, somewhat west of the modern Volo, which became dominant under the despots Jason and Alexander (q.v.). =Philadolphus=: see Ptolemy (1). =Philémōn=: Athenian poet of the New Comedy, reckoned second only to Menander. Lived _c._ 360-262 B.C., and wrote ninety-seven plays. =Philétas=: of Cos, _c._ 300 B.C.; elegiac poet and critic, tutor of Ptolemy II. His thinness was a matter of jest for the comedians. =Philip=: 382-336 B.C. king of Macedon, father of Alexander, and, in a large measure, conqueror of Greece. Demosthenes’ _Philippics_ and other speeches were directed against him. An able, hard-working, ambitious, and rather unscrupulous man; a hard drinker and a sensualist, especially fond of rude jest, but with intellectual tastes. =Philíppȋdes=: one of the better Athenian poets of the New Comedy; _fl._ _c._ 335 B.C. At first he attacked the Macedonian rulers, but later became a friend of Lysimachus (q.v.). =Philóchŏrus=: Athenian writer on the history, antiquities, and legends of his country, and on miscellaneous subjects: _fl._ _c._ 300-260 B.C. =Philócrătes=: Athenian orator, first a supporter, then an opponent, of Demosthenes. His policy was consistently to abet the pretensions of Philip of Macedon, who had bribed him lavishly, to the detriment of Athens. He was ultimately impeached and compelled to go into exile, 330 B.C. =Philoctétos=: Greek hero (in the expedition to Troy) left desolate on the island of Lemnos, where he suffered deprivations and the agonies of a gangrened foot. =Philopoemen=: (1) the most distinguished Greek soldier of his day; head of the Achaean League several times from 208 B.C.; a man of culture and high character. (2) controlling minister of Attalus II (q.v.). =Philótas=: there were several Macedonians of the name in the service of Alexander. The two chief were (1) the son of Parmenio, a favourite of Alexander, but found guilty of conspiracy and executed; (2) a general who subsequently became governor of Cilicia. =Philotímus=: a distinguished physician and writer on medicine of the date of Erasistratus and Herophilus (q.v.), _c._ 300 B.C. =Philóxĕnus=: a dithyrambic poet of high repute: _fl._ at Athens 400 B.C. He thence moved to the court of Dionysius (q.v.), by whom he is said to have been imprisoned for his scathing criticism on the despot’s verses.