=Phóciōn=: 402-317 B.C. An upright Athenian general and statesman, who favoured, though probably not in an unpatriotic spirit, the submission of Athens to the Macedonian power under Alexander (335) and Antipater (q.v.). He was frequently opposed to Demosthenes, and was put to death by his countrymen on a charge of treason. =Phōcýlȋdes=: epic and elegiac poet of Miletus, _fl._ _c._ 530 B.C. Many of his lines passed into current maxims, and were so intended. =Phoenix=: a fugitive kindly received by Peleus and entrusted with the bringing-up of his son Achilles. He had quarrelled with his own father, whose young mistress he had corrupted at the request of his jealous mother. =Pindar=: of Thebes, the most eminent lyrist of Greece, composer of songs, choral and processional odes, dirges, &c.; lived _c._ 522-442 B.C. =Píttăcus=: of Mytilene, _c._ 650-569. Contemporary of Sappho. During the struggles of the oligarchical and popular parties he was appointed by the latter ‘elective autocrat’ and legislator. The chief representative on the other side had been Myrsilus. A philosophic poet and the originator of moral maxims. =Plato=: the aristocratic and cultured philosopher of Athens, follower of Socrates, founder of the Academy, and writer of the Dialogues which go under his name. =Pólĕmo=: (1) of Athens, who in his youth abandoned profligate habits for the cult of the Platonic philosophy under the influence of Xenocrates (q.v.), whom he succeeded 315 B.C. (2) a Stoic philosopher, traveller, and geographer, who wrote copiously on inscriptions, &c.; _fl._ _c._ 195 B.C. =Polýbius=: Greek historian from Arcadia, carried to Italy by the Romans 167 B.C., and taken under the patronage of Q. Fabius Maximus and Scipio Aemilianus. He accompanied Scipio against Carthage and in Spain. Wrote a sound, useful, unimaginative history of the years 220-146 B.C. A practical statesman and a student of the military art. =Polycleitus= (-=clít=-): of Argos, _fl._ _c._ 450-412 B.C.; a sculptor of the first rank, particularly distinguished for his representation of human forms, to which he imparted his ideals of strength and beauty according to a ‘canon of proportions’. These were best typified in his _Doryphorus_ (‘spear-bearer’), which was itself sometimes called ‘the Canon’. His chief colossal statue was the chryselephantine Hera of Argos. =Pontus=: in two senses: (1) the Black Sea; (2) a province or region on the eastern half of the south coast of that sea. =Praxítĕles=: the second greatest name in Athenian sculpture; _fl._ _c._ 365 B.C. He is the head of the ‘later’ (or more graceful) Attic school, Pheidias (q.v.) representing the earlier, more massive and majestic. He particularly excelled with his statues of Aphrodite (e.g. the ‘Venus of Cnidos’). =Priam=: aged king of Troy, father of Hector, whose dead body he came to Achilles to ransom. =Priénë=: an Ionian Greek town in Asia Minor a little south of Ephesus; the home of Bias.