XXXII. ‘Yes,’ said I, ‘yet Theodorus of Soli seems to treat the argument
very fairly, in expounding the Mathematics of Plato. This is his method:
the Pyramid, the Octahedron, the Eicosahedron and the Dodecahedron, the
solid figures which Plato ranks first, are all beautiful because of the
symmetry and equality of their formulae; nothing better than these or
equal to them has been left over for Nature to compose [Sidenote: B] or
to frame. They have not, however, all been constructed on a single plan,
nor have all a similar origin. The Pyramid is the finest and smallest,
the largest and the one of most parts is the Dodecahedron; of the
remaining two the Eicosahedron is more than double the Octahedron in
number of triangles.[171] It follows that it is impossible for all to
take their origin at once from one and the same matter. For those which
are fine and small, and more simple in their structures, must be the
first to obey him who stirs and fashions the mass; they must sooner
cohere and be completed than those whose parts are abundant, and the
figures complex, and their construction more laborious, [Sidenote: C] as
the Dodecahedron. It follows that the Pyramid is the only primal body,
and that none of the others is so; they are left behind by Nature in the
becoming. For this strange result there is, however, a remedy, the
division and distribution of matter into five worlds. Here the Pyramid
(for it first formed substance), there the Octahedron, in a third world
the Eicosahedron. But from the figure which first took substance in each
the rest will take their origin, all change arising by concretion or
dissolution of parts, as Plato himself shows.[172] He goes thoroughly
into nearly all the cases, but for us a brief survey will suffice. Since
air is formed when fire is extinguished, and when rarefied [Sidenote: D]
again yields fire out of itself, we must observe what happens to the
seeds of either element, and the changes. The seeds of fire[173] are the
Pyramid with its twenty-four primary triangles; the seeds of air are the
Octahedron with its forty-eight. Therefore one element of air is formed
by the commixture and coherence of two of fire; and one of air is
exchanged into two of [Sidenote: E] fire, or by close pressure into
itself passes away into the form of water. Thus, universally, that which
is first formed readily allows the others to come into being by
transmutation. It is not the case that one is first; different elements
in different structures give the initial and prerogative movement into
being, yet the common name is kept throughout.’
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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