When Plutarch has sufficiently established ‘to demonstration’ the
‘probability’ of his position, he adds, at the urgent desire of the
company, a myth, which he had already offered to produce. The ‘myth’ is
a device of which Plato has many examples, intended to give symmetry to
the Dialogue, ‘that it may not go about without a head’. But it is more
than a literary device; it is a satisfaction of the desire for something
poetical and constructive which mere Dialectic can never feed. The myth
about Thespesius here must be compared with that of Timarchus in the
_Genius of Socrates_ and with the traveller’s tale of the Island of
Cronus in the _Face in the Moon_.[199] Of Platonic myths, we are first
reminded of that of Er, which closes the _Republic_, and raises to a
higher plane the question whether the just man or the unjust has the
best of it. There are necessarily strong points of resemblance to the
magnificent judgement myth of the _Gorgias_, and much of the imagery
recalls the _Phaedo_. The _Timaeus_ is not perhaps so conspicuously
before Plutarch’s mind here as it is in other works. While there is so
much which can be referred to Plato, there is nothing to suggest that
Plutarch set himself to make a patchwork out of the stores of his
retentive memory, still less that he sought to imitate the master from
whose genius his industrious and curious mind lay poles apart. His
honesty and his common-sense forbade any such attempt.
It is fortunate that we possess a fragment (redeemed for Plutarch by
Wyttenbach) of a Dialogue with the same speakers, and perhaps intended
to follow immediately, in which, as though in ‘calculated contrast’,
writes M. Gréard (p. 292), to the grim details contained in the Dialogue
before us, we have a delightful picture of what awaits the just beyond
the grave, the truly ‘initiate’. As all the questions discussed in the
main Dialogue are raised in old Greek writers, Homer, Pindar, the
Tragedians, supplemented by the philosophers, and the myth, in its stern
imagery, is on all fours, for instance, with the _Eumenides_ of
Aeschylus, so the comfortable vision of the initiate in the fragment is
anticipated by Greeks who wrote four hundred or five hundred years
before. Thus we have the lines of the _Frogs_ of Aristophanes (154
foll., tr. G. Murray):
_Then you will find a breath about your ears
Of Music, and a light about your eyes
Most beautiful—like this—and myrtle groves,
And joyous throngs of women and of men,
And clapping of glad hands._
And the still more famous picture of Pindar (_Ol._ 2, 68-74, tr. G.
Moberly):
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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