(3) Sylla’s tale in the _Face in the Moon_ (pp. 299-308), a traveller’s
story picked up in Carthage from one of those curious characters found
on the outer margin of the Greek world in whom Plutarch delighted, is
brought in with admirable dramatic fitness, shown in Sylla’s eagerness
to produce it at the very outset, in the preparation for it by the
skirmish between Theon and Lamprias, and in the vivacity of the
narrative. It is dismissed with a Platonic formula:
‘Such is the story which I heard the stranger relate.... But you and
your friends, Lamprias, may take the story in what way you will.’
Compare: ‘I am persuaded, O Callicles, that these things that are told
are true.... Perchance this shall seem to you an old wife’s fable, and
thou wilt despise it: well mightest thou despise it, if by searching we
could find out aught better and truer’ (_Gorgias_, 526 D, 527 A). The
astronomy of the myth is in the main that of the preceding Dialogue, and
Sylla shows considerable familiarity with Plato and also with
Xenocrates. It is perhaps noticeable how little interest Plutarch shows
in geographical detail, contenting himself with such vague and
antiquated views as sufficed for a setting to the story. He appears not
to name Pytheas at all in the _Lives_, and only once (on a question of
the tides) in the _Moralia_.
The whole Dialogue has been the subject of a careful study by Dr. Max
Adler of Vienna (_Dissertationes Vindobonenses_, 1910). Without entering
into his general view of the structure, we may observe that Dr. Adler
seems to be very successful in establishing the close connexion between
it and the Dialogue _On the Cessation of the Oracles_, which he is
probably right—though he reserves the proofs—in regarding as based upon
it, and later in date. This comes out especially in the passages about
the captivity of Cronus (cp. p. 301 with pp. 135-6), and the argument
about ‘the Middle’ (cp. p. 270 with p. 144). He produces a happy
quotation from Maximus Tyrius to establish beyond doubt that the source
of an important passage about mind (pp. 271-2) was in Posidonius. His
general conclusion as to the myth, is that it too is in the main from
Posidonius, and that when Plutarch draws upon Xenocrates, it is through
Posidonius. The latter appears to have been a writer of great industry
and encyclopaedic learning, quoted as an authority on matters of
history, physical geography, and what we should now call anthropology;
not an original force in Philosophy, but successful in reconciling
systems and making them available for human needs; one the aim of whose
life-work was, in the words of one of his most recent exponents, _to
make men at home in the universe_ (_Stoics and Sceptics_, by Edwyn
Bevan, p. 98).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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