(13) Herod and Cassius. Murder of Antipater, Herod’s Father [Sidenote: 44 B.C.] After the death of Julius Cæsar, when civil war was impending, Cassius came to Syria and exacted heavy taxes, in the collection of which he was assisted by Antipater and his sons. Malichus had plotted against Antipater; Antipater had pardoned him, and had also saved his life when he was in danger from the Romans. [Sidenote: _c._ 43 B.C.] In saving Malichus, however, Antipater, as the event proved, had saved his own murderer. For Cassius and Murcus[100] collected an army and entrusted the entire charge of it to Herod, appointing him to the command of Cœle-Syria with a fleet and a force of horse and foot. They promised, moreover, to make him King of Judæa after the war, which had already broken out, against Antony and the young Cæsar.[101] Malichus was then more in terror than ever of Antipater, and endeavoured to put him out of the way.[102] So he bribed the butler of Hyrcanus, at whose house the two were being entertained, and had him poisoned. With his armed men he was able to keep the city quiet. When Herod and Phasael heard of the plot against their father and were indignant at it, Malichus, as on the former occasion, denied any part in it, and professed that he had not been murdered. Such was the end of Antipater, a man pre-eminent for his piety, justice and patriotism. Of the two sons, Herod at once resolved to lead his army against Malichus and avenge his father; Phasael, the elder, preferred to defeat him by resort to craft, for fear they should seem guilty of provoking civil war. So he accepted Malichus’ defence, feigning belief in his innocence in the matter of Antipater’s death, and arranged a splendid funeral for his father.—_Ant._ XIV. 11. 4 (280-284). Footnote 100: The governor of Syria. Footnote 101: Octavius, the future Emperor Augustus. Footnote 102: Cf. _B. J._ I. 226: “It was his son’s power and expectations which brought about Antipater’s end. For Malichus was afraid of these,” etc. (14) Antony makes Herod and Phasael Tetrarchs of Judæa See the _Historical Atlas_ of Smith and Bartholomew, Map 41. [Sidenote: 42 B.C.]