The measurements of Hodgkin and Huxley were aimed at
revealing the mechanism of generation and propagation
of the all-or-none spike. Their results led to the
Modern Ionic Hypothesis. Since the publication of
their papers in 1952, advanced techniques with
microelectrodes have led to the discovery of many
modes of subthreshold activity not only in the axon
but also in the somata and dendrites of neurons. This
activity includes synaptic potentials, local response
potentials, and pacemaker potentials.
We considered the question, “Can this activity also
be explained in terms of the Hodgkin-Huxley Model?”
To seek an answer, we have constructed an electronic
analog based on the ionic hypothesis and designed
around the data of Hodgkin and Huxley. Synaptic
inputs were simulated by simple first-order or
second-order networks connected directly to simulated
conductances (potassium or sodium). The analog has,
with slight parameter adjustments, produced all modes
of threshold and subthreshold activity.
INTRODUCTION
In recent years physiologists have become quite adept at probing
into neurons with intracellular microelectrodes. They are now able,
in fact, to measure (a) the voltage change across the postsynaptic
membrane elicited by a single presynaptic impulse (see, for examples,
references 1 and 2) and (b) the voltage-current characteristics
across a localized region of the nerve cell membrane (3), (4), (5),
(6). With microelectrodes, physiologists have been able to examine
not only the all-or-none spike generating and propagating properties
of axons but also the electrical properties of somatic and dendritic
structures in individual neurons. The resulting observations have
led many physiologists to believe that the individual nerve cell
is a potentially complex information-processing system far removed
from the simple two-state device envisioned by many early modelers.
This new concept of the neuron is well summarized by Bullock in his
1959 _Science_ article (10). In the light of recent physiological
literature, one cannot justifiably omit the diverse forms of somatic
and dendritic behavior when assessing the information-processing
capabilities of single neurons. This is true regardless of the means of
assessment—whether one uses mathematical idealizations, electrochemical
models, or electronic analogs. We have been interested specifically in
electronic analogs of the neuron; and in view of the widely diversified
behavior which we must simulate, our first goal has been to find a
unifying concept about which to design our analogs. We believe we have
found such a concept in the Modern Ionic Hypothesis, and in this paper
we will discuss an electronic analog of the neuron which was based on
this hypothesis and which simulated not only the properties of the
axon but also the various subthreshold properties of the somata and
dendrites of neurons.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account