Produced by Carlo Traverso, William Flis, C. J. Lippert, Julia Miller, Frank van Drogen, Louise Hope, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team [Transcriber’s Note: This e-text includes characters that will only display in UTF-8 (Unicode) text readers: ā, ē ... (vowel with macron or “long” mark) ă, ĕ ... (vowel with breve or “short” mark) ‛ (glottal stop, shown as “reverse high-9” quotation mark) In Linguistic Families article only (all infrequent): χ (chi) ʇ ʞ (inverted letters) e̥ (e with ring under), ż (z with over-dot) In Sacred Formulas article only: ⁿ ⁱ ᵘ ᵁ ʷ (small raised n, i, u, U, w) If any of these characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font. As a last resort, use the Latin-1 version of this file instead. Depending on available fonts, some lists and tables may not line up vertically. Note that the stress marks, as in “Midē´wiwin,” are _not_ meant to display on top of the adjoining letter. The three “Accompanying Papers” that make up the bulk of this book are also available as individual texts from Project Gutenberg: J. W. Powell, _Indian Linguistic Families of America North of Mexico_ (pages 1-140): e-text 17286 W. J. Hoffman, _The Midē´wiwin or Grand Medicine Society of the Ojibwa_ (pages 141-300): e-text 19368 J. Mooney, _The Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees_ (pages 300-398): e-text 24788 The papers are identical except that a few more typographical errors have been corrected in this combined version, and some minor formatting has been changed for consistency. Plates and Figures were numbered continuously in the published volume, and have not been changed. Typographical errors are listed separately after each paper and after the combined Index. Bracketed passages other than footnotes or illustration tags are in the original.] * * * * * * * * * SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT of the BUREAU OF ETHNOLOGY to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 1885-’86 by J. W. POWELL Director [Illustration] WASHINGTON Government Printing Office 1891 * * * * * CONTENTS. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR.