Sex-linked Inheritance in DrosophilaMorgan, Thomas Hunt
Science
Sex-linked Inheritance in Drosophila
Morgan, Thomas Hunt
Drosophila; Heredity
The recessive sex-linked mutation eosin eye-color appeared in August 1911
in a culture of white-eyed flies (Morgan 1912_a_). The eye-color is
different in the male and female, the male being a light pinkish yellow,
while the female is a rather dark yellowish pink. Eosin is allelomorphic to
white and the white-eosin compound or heterozygote has the color of the
eosin male. There is probably no special significance in this coincidence
of color, since similar dilutions to various degrees have been demonstrated
for all the other eye-colors tested (Morgan and Bridges, 1913). Since eosin
is allelomorphic to white, its locus is also at 1.1. Eosin is the most
useful character among all those in the left end of the chromosome.
BIFID.
The sex-linked wing mutant bifid, which appeared in November 1911, is
characterized by the fusion of all the longitudinal veins into a heavy
stalk at the base of the wing. The wing stands out from the body at a wide
angle, so that the fusion is easily seen. At the tip of the wing the third
longitudinal vein spreads out into a delta which reaches to the marginal
vein. The fourth longitudinal vein reaches the margin only rarely. There is
very often opposite this vein a great bay in the margin, or the whole wing
is irregularly truncated.
The stock of bifid was at first extremely varied in the amount of this
truncation. By selection a stock was secured which showed only very greatly
reduced wings like those shown in figures _a_, b. Another stock (figs. _c_,
_d_) was secured by outcrossing and selection which showed wings of nearly
normal size and shape, which always had the bifid stalk, generally the
spread positions (not as extreme), and often the delta and the shortened
fourth longitudinal vein. We believe that the extreme reduction in size
seen in the one stock was due to an added modifier of {29} the nature of
beaded, since this could be eliminated by outcrossing and selection.
[Illustration: FIG. B.--Bifid wing. _c_ and _d_ show the typical condition
of bifid wings. All the longitudinal veins are fused into a heavy stalk at
the base of the wing. _a_ shows the typical position in which the bifid
wings are held. The small size of the wings in _a_ and _b_ is due to the
action of a modifier of the nature of "beaded" which has been eliminated in
_c_, d.]
LINKAGE OF BIFID WITH YELLOW, WITH WHITE, AND WITH VERMILION.
The stock of the normal (not-beaded) bifid was used by Dr. R. Chambers,
Jr., for determining the chromosome locus of bifid by means of its linkage
relations to vermilion, white, and yellow (Chambers, 1913). We have
attempted to bring together in table 2 the complete data and to calculate
the locus of bifid.
TABLE 2.--_Linkage data, from Chambers, 1913._
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