Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative surveyFoster, Jeannette H. (Jeannette Howard)
General
Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative survey
Foster, Jeannette H. (Jeannette Howard)
Lesbians in literature; Sex in literature; Women in literature
Equally copious expansion is evident in the correspondence with
Günderode,[2] a really remarkable volume of philosophy, poetry, and
romantic “sensibility” made human, however, by the small ordinary
preoccupations of the two very busy young women. Nine-tenths of the
volume is occupied by Bettina’s own letters, supposedly written during a
number of brief absences when she was a guest at various country
estates. Had these voluminous outpourings actually been penned under
such circumstances the girl would have had no time for meals or sleep,
let alone the normal social exigencies of house-party life.
Karoline von Günderode was one of several daughters of a moderately
affluent widow, who spent the latter part of her short life in a
“Kloster” (not a religious house but a dignified retreat for well-born
spinsters such as has been charmingly pictured by “Isak Dinesen” in
_Seven Gothic Tales_). She was, by all accounts, an interesting mixture
of emotional mysticism and sceptical “masculine” intellect, and both are
reflected in her poems.[3] At least one of these, “Wandel und Treue,”
suggests that there is no certainty save that all is uncertain, no
ultimate Truth because life and universe alike are in constant flux and
inexpressible in terms of any constant pattern. It might almost have
been written today rather than a century and a half ago.
The context in which the poem is quoted shows that it grew out of
long-sustained discussions between her and Bettina on the nature of
love. It is cast in the form of a dialogue between Violetta, who
embodies Bettina’s championship of romantic constancy, and Narziss, who
represents Günderode’s own viewpoint. The latter holds that love, like
all else, is subject to change; therefore, one should not attempt to fix
it upon a single person or thing, but should love only Love and follow
its dictates wherever it leads. The amount of stress laid upon this
composition by Bettina, who compiled and inflated the correspondence for
publication, suggests an effort to throw upon the other woman all
responsibility for any inconstancy which ensued.
The sixty-page biography of Günderode in Ersch and Gruber’s _Allgemeine
Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste_[4] records several variant
attachments in her life. Previous to her acquaintance with Bettina she
enjoyed a very close friendship with Frau Karoline von Barkhaus, to whom
she wrote oftener than weekly in the warmest terms, and in one of the
quoted letters she mentions that ‘a room is ready where we will sleep
together when you come.’ Another woman, Frau Susanna Maria von Heyden,
mentioned as her most intimate friend, fell heir to Günderode’s portrait
and two paintings of the scene of the unhappy girl’s death. She ‘never
recovered from her grief over her unlucky friend, and lived secluded
from the world in joyless solitude.’
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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