Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative surveyFoster, Jeannette H. (Jeannette Howard)
General
Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative survey
Foster, Jeannette H. (Jeannette Howard)
Lesbians in literature; Sex in literature; Women in literature
As to the Hattie Tyng Griswold mentioned by Huneker, she is listed in
Frances Willard’s _Woman of the Century_[9] as a successful Wisconsin
journalist and a friend of Violet Paget, the British art critic and
philosopher, who wrote under the name Vernon Lee. No record seems to
exist of her connection with Menken outside the newspaper articles
mentioned by Huneker, which have not been consulted here. As in the case
of Sand and Wollstonecraft, interest in Menken’s spectacular career has
diverted attention from possible variant experience, but it appears to
be precisely such stormy and passionate spirits who turn to women for
the happiness they are unable to find with any number of men. It is
interesting that Clement Wood should say, in contradiction to Huneker,
that she deserved as much poetic acclaim as Whitman, but “was a woman,
with a softer voice.”[10] The volume alluded to, _Memoirs_, has not been
seen by the present writer, but honest critical judgment compels some
qualification of Wood’s praise in view of the known _Infelicia_, though
there are many pages in the latter which are not “bad” poetry.
*“Michael Field.”* Another “poet” in the present group is Michael Field,
pseudonym of two late-Victorian Englishwomen, Katherine Bradley and
Edith Cooper. They were aunt and niece, but actually they were much
closer than this relationship indicates, for when Edith’s mother was
left an invalid after the birth of a second child, Katherine and her
mother moved in to care for the family, and Katherine assumed complete
responsibility for the three-year-old Edith. Katherine was then
seventeen and had studied at Newnham and in Paris, where she had been in
love with the older brother of a French friend. This man died, and the
loss is reflected faintly in her first published poetry a decade later.
There is no indication of any other heterosexual interest on either
woman’s part throughout their lives.
By the time Edith had reached late adolescence and Katherine was
approaching thirty, their relation had become one of adult equality, and
they were active together in university life in Bristol, though
apparently more in debating, woman’s suffrage, and anti-vivesection
societies than in formal university courses. In 1881, when one was
thirty-three and the other nineteen, they published jointly a first book
of verse, “by Arrand and Isla Leigh,” which received little critical
comment. It was two years later that they hit upon the pseudonym of
Michael Field, and when _Callirrhoë and Fair Rosamund_ appeared in 1883
it was hailed as the work of a new and promising talent. They published,
in all, eleven volumes of verse and nineteen or twenty poetic dramas,
mostly on classical or historical themes; but, as Sturge Moore says in
the introduction to their joint memoirs, _Works and Days_:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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