“Our friend’s style has flowery components,” Mr. Greenwood adds to this
deliciously eloquent passage from his American author, “and yet
Shakespeare who did all this,” _et cætera_. But Shakespeare did _not_ do
“all this”! We know the sources of the plays well enough: novels in one
of which “Delphos” is the insular seat of an oracle of Apollo; Holinshed,
with his contaminated legends; North’s _Plutarch_, done out of the
French; older plays, and the rest of it. Shakespeare does not go to
Tighernach and the _Hennskringla_ for Macbeth; or for Hamlet to the saga
which is the source of Saxo; or for his English chronicle-plays to the
State Papers. Shakespeare did not, like William of Deloraine, dig up
“clasped books, buried and forgotten.” There is no original research;
the author uses the romances, novels, ballads, and popular books of
uncritical history which were current in his day. Mr. Greenwood knows
that; Mr. Morgan, perhaps, knew it, but forgot what he knew; hurried away
by the Muse of Eloquence. And the common Baconian may believe Mr.
Morgan.
But Mr. Greenwood asks “what was the poetic output?” in Burns’s case.
{100a} It was what we know, and _that_ was what suited his age and his
circumstances. It was lyric, idyll, song, and satire; it was not drama,
for to the Stage he had no access, he who passed but one winter in
Edinburgh, where the theatre was not the centre of literature.
Shakespeare came, with genius and with such materials as I have
suggested, to an entirely different market, the Elizabethan theatre. I
have tried to show how easily his mind might be steeped in the
all-pervading classicism and foreign romance of the period, with the
wide, sketchy, general information, the commonly known fragments from the
great banquet of the classics,—with such history, wholly uncritical, as
Holinshed and Stow, and other such English chroniclers, could copiously
provide; with the courtly manners mirrored in scores of romances and
Court plays; and in the current popular _Morte d’Arthur_ and _Destruction
of Troy_.
I can agree with Mr. Greenwood, when he says that “Genius is a
potentiality, and whether it will ever become an actuality, and what it
will produce, depends upon the moral qualities with which it is
associated, and the opportunities that are open to it—in a word, on the
circumstances of its environment.” {101a}
Of course by “moral qualities,” a character without spot or stain is not
intended: we may take that for granted. Otherwise, I agree; and think
that Shakespeare of Stratford had genius, and that what it produced was
in accordance with the opportunities open to it, and with “the
circumstances of its environment.” Without the “environment,” no Jeanne
d’Arc,—without the environment, no Shakespeare.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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