Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Stage history; Theater -- England
"I have preserved the common distribution of the plays into acts,
though I believe it to be in almost all the plays void of authority.
Some of those which are divided in the later editions have no
division in the first folio, and some that are divided in the folio
have no division in the preceding copies. The settled mode of the
theatre requires four intervals in the play, but few if any of our
author's compositions can be properly distributed in that manner. An
act is so much of the drama as passes without intervention of time or
change of place. A pause makes a new act. In every real and therefore
in every imitative action, the intervals may be more or fewer, the
restriction of five acts being accidental and arbitrary. This
Shakespeare knew, and this he practised; his plays were written, and
at first printed in one unbroken continuity, and ought now to be
exhibited with short pauses, interposed as often as the scene is
changed, or any considerable time is required to pass. This method
would at once quell a thousand absurdities."
Something must be said later on about the "short pauses." There is wisdom
as well as humour in Johnson's observation: "Let him who desires to feel
the highest pleasure that the drama can give read every play from the
first scene to the last with utter negligence of all his commentators."
To Steevens belongs the credit of being the first to collect and reprint
(1766) in one volume the original quartos, of which a revised and
completed edition is much needed. "Many of the quartos," he writes, "as
our own printers assure me, were far from being unskilfully executed, and
some of them were much more correctly printed than the folio." With regard
to Shakespeare's text, he observes: "To make his meaning intelligible to
his audience seems to have been his only care, and with the ease of
conversation he has adopted its incorrectness." In fact, Steevens thinks
that Shakespeare, of all the writers of his day, was the most
ungrammatical.
Capell (1768) is perhaps the least dogmatic of all the eighteenth-century
editors, and the most cautious in his judgment, when he remarks:
"Generally speaking, the more distant a new edition is from its original,
the more it abounds in faults which is done by destroying all marks of
peculiarity and notes of time." And in another passage: "That division of
scenes which Jonson seems to have attempted, and upon which the French
stage prides itself, Shakespeare does not appear to have any idea of." In
a note he adds: "The current editions are divided in such a manner that
nothing like a rule can be collected from any of them." Unfortunately,
like all the other editors, Capell believes it necessary to divide
Shakespeare's plays into acts and scenes.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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