Shell-shock and other neuropsychiatric problems : $b Presented in five hundred and eighty-nine case histories from the war literature, 1914-1918Southard, Elmer Ernest
History
Shell-shock and other neuropsychiatric problems : $b Presented in five hundred and eighty-nine case histories from the war literature, 1914-1918
Southard, Elmer Ernest
War neuroses; World War, 1914-1918 -- Medical care; World War, 1914-1918 -- Psychological aspects
Here is a case of death following explosion without external wound.
The meningeal hemorrhages are hardly enough to explain the death. The
explanation of the death must probably be made after histological
examination.
Concussion of spinal cord from shell burst--WITHOUT spinal fracture,
WITHOUT penetration of splinters of shell or bone into canal or cord
substance: Microscopic demonstration of intraspinal AREAS OF SOFTENING
with classical secondary degenerations. Such a case forms a link in the
argument that serious lesions of the nervous system may develop as a
result of VIOLENCE directly TRANSMITTED through investing tissues EN
BLOC.
=Case 200.= (CLAUDE and LHERMITTE, October, 1915.)
A man, 23, was struck in the left thorax and shoulder, in both thighs
and the neck, by fragments from a bursting shell March 27, 1915. One
fragment was imbedded near the vertebral column.
Twenty days later there was an absolute, flaccid paraplegia, yet
the legs occasionally gave spontaneous, jerky movements. Tactile
anesthesia reached the fourth dorsal root-level, except that the
perineoscrotal region and the penis were somewhat sensitive. There was
anesthesia to pain and heat, as well as in bones and joints, along
with the tactile anesthesia. There was a hyperesthetic region on the
right side, corresponding with the distribution of the fourth dorsal
root. All the cutaneous reflexes up to the abdominals were gone; but
defense reflexes could be brought out in foot and leg by skin, bone
or joint stimulation. The deep reflexes of the legs were also lost,
whereas those of the arms were increased. Retention of urine without
incontinence; no retention of feces. Sacral, trochanteric and heel
decubitus had developed in the course of the three weeks following
injury. A lymphangitis ran all the way up the right thigh from one of
the sores, with a corresponding hyperpyrexia.
Surgical intervention was indicated from the evidence of spinal
compression at a definite level, but the lymphangitis grew worse.
Oniric delirium, and finally a stuporous state, set in, with death May
6, forty days after the wound, a death due to septicemia, without
special alteration in the paraplegia itself or in the sensory and
reflex situation.
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