Anderson’s first important work, and possibly his finest, was _Winesburg, Ohio_ (1919), a collection of stories about the inhabitants of a small town who did not fit into the accepted pattern of community life. In these sketches his concern was with the failures rather than with the successful. Anderson told their tales with compassion and sympathy, and, through his characters’ maimed or suppressed emotions, he lent significance to neglected aspects of life in an era of respectability, easy success, and commercialism. His succeeding stories and novels evolved from this theme, which, with his experiment in form, enabled the American short story writers of the following decades to reach heights of subtlety and psychological penetration. The principal repository of Anderson’s manuscripts is the Newberry Library in Chicago. Placed in the Library by the writer’s widow, Mrs. Eleanor Copenhaver Anderson, this collection, numbering some 16,690 items, contains his extensive correspondence with publishers, editors, artists, and notable writers of the twentieth century, among them Gertrude Stein, Ernest Hemingway, H. L. Mencken, Theodore Dreiser, and Thomas Wolfe (see item 753). In addition to Anderson’s numerous short stories and articles, the collection contains the manuscripts of many of his most important writings: _Winesburg, Ohio_, _Kit Brandon_, _Dark laughter_, _Many marriages_, and _A new testament_. His diaries for the period, 1936-1941, as well as scrapbooks of reviews and clippings, are also included. It is this collection of papers which Anderson’s future biographers and critics must consult and examine to fully assess his note-worthy influence on and contribution to American fiction. Arrangement of the bibliography falls quite naturally into two main divisions: writings by Anderson, and writings about the man and his works. In the first section a chronological, descriptive listing of Anderson’s separately published works (together with citations for significant reprints and translations) is followed by an enumeration of books to which Anderson contributed and dramatizations of his writings. Then follows an alphabetical title listing of Anderson’s contributions to periodicals (Raymond Gozzi’s bibliography, item 593, was of value in compiling this section), a list of periodicals and newspapers which he edited, and a select list of his contributions to the _Smyth County News_. Writings about Anderson are listed alphabetically by author or other main entry in the second section, followed by a representative selection of reviews of Anderson’s works. We have endeavored to make our listings complete through 1959.