[5] M. Goblet d'Alviella says: "I maintain that neither of these two forms of worship necessarily presupposes the other; but that man having been led by different roads to personify the souls of the dead on the one hand and natural objects and phenomena on the other, subsequently attributed to both alike the character of mysterious superhuman beings. Let us add that this must have taken place everywhere, for there is not a people on earth in which we do not come upon these forms of belief side by side and intermingled." Dr. Pfleiderer's view is substantially identical. [6] Max Müller speaks of "that ancient stratum of thought which postulated an agent in the sky, the sun, &c." This is really a secondary conception. [7] It was not unknown in ancient Greece and Rome. Zeus, Hercules, and other deities became divided up in this way. [8] "Mr. Tyler has justly observed that the true lesson of the new science of Comparative Mythology is the barrenness in primitive times of the faculty which we most associate with mental fertility, the imagination.... Among these multitudes (the millions of men who fill what we vaguely call the East) Literature, Religion, and Art--or what correspond to them--move always within a distinctly drawn circle of unchanging notions.... This condition of thought is rather the infancy of the human mind prolonged than a different maturity from that most familiar to us."--Maine, 'Early History of Institutions,' pp. 225-6. This characteristic of the mental development of the races of the Far East is discussed in 'A Comparative Study of the Japanese and Korean Languages,' by W. G. Aston, in the _Transactions_ of the Royal Asiatic Society, August, 1879, and more fully by Mr. Percival Lowell, in his 'Soul of the Far East,' 1888. See also Mr. B. H. Chamberlain's' Kojiki,' Introd., lxvi. [9] Homer implicitly denies the spirituality of his Gods when he says that the Hercules which was summoned up by Ulysses was only his _eidolon_, or phantom, the real man being in Olympus among the happy Gods. [10] See an instructive article on 'Shekinah' in Dr. Hastings's 'Dictionary of the Bible'. [11] "And mine eternal jewel given to the common enemy of man."--'Macbeth,' Act III. scene i. [12] The Shekinah was also associated with a divine radiance, or glory. [13] _Mi mi_ (august body) in the names of others involves a more material conception of deity. [14] Corresponding to the _mo acha_, uncle of peace, and _ski acha_, rough uncle, of the Ainus. [15] Homer's άντός [16] _Sakitake no Ben, 21_. [17] See Index. [18] For deities of classes consult Dr. Tylor's 'Primitive Culture,' ii. 242. CHAPTER III. DEIFICATION OF MEN.