BRAILS. Small ropes used for the purpose of shortening a ship’s canvas. CAREEN. To lay a ship over on to her side for the purpose of cleaning, caulking, etc. CATHEADS. Short projecting beams serving as a bracket to suspend the anchor clear of the bows. DRABLER. Canvas laced on the bonnet of a sail to give it more drop. DRIVER. A large squaresail set occasionally upon the mizzen-yard or gaff. DUNNAGE. Loose wood or other material packed in the hold with the cargo to prevent it from shifting. FOTHERING. See p. 262. GAFF. A spar used for extending the upper edge of a fore-and-aft rectangular sail. GRIPE, to. To come up into the wind in spite of the helm. GRIPE of a ship. 1. The sharpness of her stern under the water. 2. A projection added to the keel. GRIPES. Lashings securing a boat in its place. GROUND-TACKLE. Ropes and tackle used in connection with anchors and mooring apparatus generally. HAWSE-PIPES. The metal linings to the hawse-holes or holes in a ship’s bows through which the cable passes. HOG, to. To scrub a ship with flat scrubbing brooms called hogs. MANGER. A small apartment made in the ship’s bows to catch the water flowing through the hawse-holes. MIZZEN. The aftermost mast of a vessel with two or more masts. Sometimes called a jigger. In medieval four-masters the aftermost mast was called the bonaventure mizzen, and the one immediately forward of this the main mizzen. MOONRAKERS. Sails above the sky-sails. PARRAL. A band for keeping the end of a yard to the mast. PINCH, to. To sail close-hauled. QUANT, to. To propel a craft along shallow water-ways by means of a long pole. RHUMB-LINE. The line (cutting all the meridians at the same angle) which is followed by a ship sailing on one course. SCARFING. See p. 282. SCUPPERS. Gutters or channels along the outer edge of a deck by which water runs off.