SNATCH-BLOCKS. Iron-bound blocks with an opening in which the bight of a rope may be laid without threading the end of the rope through. STRINGER. A strip of timber running round a ship internally in line with the deck. SWATCH-WAY. A narrow sound or channel of water among sand-banks. TABERNACLE. The socket or hinged post for a mast that can be lowered at will to pass under bridges, etc. TRESTLE-TREES. See p. 207. TUMBLE-HOME. The incline inwards of a ship’s sides above the level of its extreme breadth. WARE. To veer. INDEX Ægean Sea, 33 Africa, circumnavigation of, by the Phœnicians, 21; in early map, 124; geographical knowledge of, 130 Agricola, 67 Alectus, 78 Alfred, sailors in time of, 17 Algiers, pirates of, 224 Amber, Phœnicians and, 26 Ambleteuse, 73 America, North, the Vikings and, 90, 91 Amundsen, Capt. Roald, 204 Amyntas III and shipbuilding materials, 46 Anchor work, 258 Anchors, metal, Athenian Navy, 44; of the king’s galleys, middle ages, 146; Spanish iron for, 180; of men-o’-war, early 19th century, 278 Andersen, Capt. Magnus, 90 Anglo-Dutch wars, 208, 229, 230, 235, 237–40, 267 Anne, Queen, seamen in days of, 249 Anson’s voyage round the world, 131, 251 Antipater of Sidon quoted, 32 Antiphilus quoted, 33 Arabians, the, as navigators, 122 Arctic Circle, voyaging to, 116 Argand lamp, 244 Armada, the great, and seamanship, 184; wages of seamen at time of, 208; tactics against, 218; the pirate and, 222 Arthur’s, King, conquests, 116 Artillery introduced, 180; knowledge of, 181; of an Elizabethan ship, 191; 17th century, 228; 18th century, 261; on men-o’-war, 276, 283 Asia, kings of, build large warships, 43 _Askoma_, 31 Assyrian sculptures, Phœnician biremes in, 19 Assyrians, the, and the sea, 16 Astrolabe, the, need for, 172; its origin and name, 172; its use described, 173; improved for the sea, 174; and Columbus, 175; importance of those who could use it, 175; superseded, 212 Astronomers, the ancients as, 115 Astronomical measurements in navigation, 27 Athenian Navy, the, 44; inventories of Athenian dockyards, 47 Atlantic, the, Arab name for, 154 Atlas, the first (Wagenaer’s), 214 Audley, Thomas, “Book of Orders,” 182 Augustus, 68 Australia, rush to, 288 Avery, David, 244 Ayscue, Sir George, 239, 242 Azores, the, 212, 217 Baffin’s Bay, 88 Bailak Kibdjaki, 150 Ballast in ancient Greek ships, 32; loose ballast, 289 Baltimore, piracy at, 223 Barometer, the, 259 Bayeux tapestry, ships in the, 137, 138