Catholic Church, the Portuguese and the, 131 Catteville, the race of, 138 Chain cables, 277 Chanca, Dr., of Columbus’s fleet, 165 Chaplains on Elizabethan ships, 199; of French Navy, 230; 18th century, 249 Charles I, mutinies of the Navy, 236 Charles II, Navy in time of, 229; officers, 230; and sea charts, 243 Charles V, 133, 170 Charts, compilation of, 171; Wagenaer’s, 214, 219; Charles II and James II and, 243; of British coast, 18th century, 256; English, 257 Chatham, 184; dockyard, 226, 274 Chavez, Alonso and Hieronymo de, 138, 171 Chelsea pensioners on Anson’s voyage, 251 China tea trade, 288–9 Chinese, the, and the compass, 119; voyages of, 119 Chios, battle of, 52 Chronometer, the coming of the, 178, 254 Church services in Navy, 17th century, 227 Cinque Ports, 140 Circle, great, sailing, 178, 211, 213 Civil War, the Navy during the, 236 Classis Britannica, 67, 79 Claudius, 67 Clerk, John, “Naval Tactics,” 269 Clinton (pirate), 222 “Close-fights,” 188 Clothing, seamen’s, 18th century, 264 Cockpit, 282 “Code de la Mer,” 151 Colbert, Jean B., 230 Colliers, London, of the 18th century, 251 Collins, Greenville, 243 Colonies, the, and seamanship, 230 Colosseum, the, 69 Colours of men-o’-war, 279; internal, 246, 280 Columbus, Bartolomeo, 156 Columbus, Christopher, effect of Prince Henry’s work, 131; his place, 136; his log, 155; his ships and navigation, 155; his studies, 156; and the Vikings, 156; sets sail on first voyage, 157; speed, 158; his helmsman, 158; reckonings, 159; sights land, 160; homeward bound, 160; wreck of the _Santa Maria_, 161; details of the ship, 163–4; food, 164; crew, 164; religious atmosphere, 165; subsequent voyages, 165; third voyage, 166; on the shape of the earth, 166; fourth voyage, 167; and navigating, 167; as seaman and navigator, 169; his achievements, 169; reckoning by tonnage, 197 Compass, the, use by the Chinese, 119; by Arabians, 119; introduced to Europe, 119; suspension of the needle, 120; the fleur-de-lys, 120; its early use, 124; liquid compass anticipated, 150; variation recorded by Columbus, 158; variation, 212, 213; Elizabethan names for the, 214 “Confessio Amantis,” 146 Congo River, 135 Constable, 146 Constantinople, 152 Cook, Capt., 263 Copper sheathing, 275 Corinth, triremes built at, 42; shipbuilding at, 46 Corn-ships of Egypt, 57 Cortes, Martin, 171, 211 Court-martial instituted, 218 Craft, the working of, 5 Cretan pirates, 53 Crew, ship’s, of the 13th century, 141, 146 Cross-staff, the, 174; its use described, 176; improved, 212 Crusades, the, 117, 119, 121; Crusaders’ journey from Dartmouth, 138–40 Cyprus, temple in, commemorating a large ship, 43