Phœnicians, the, as seamen, 12, 16; build a fleet for Sennacherib, 17; a race of seamen, 18; their ships and crews, 18; their navigation, 19, 22; biremes, 19; their losses, 20; piracy, 20; their voyages, 21; circumnavigation of Africa, 21; the first great seamen, 23; engineers, 23; Xenophon’s record of their ships, 23; influence on the Greeks, 26 Pilgrim ship of Edward III, 147 Pilgrims as discoverers, 117 Pilot, grand, of England, 133, 226 Pilot major, 133, 170 Pilots, 170; “loadsmen,” 172; Mersey, 260; Tyne, 260 Piracy, Phœnician, 20; in Roman times, 66; in Tudor times, 184 Pirates, Mediterranean, 152; in Elizabethan times, 222; 17th century, 223; Moorish, 223; Tunisian, 224; Algerian, 224 Plymouth Dockyard, 274 Plymouth Sound, brig in, 257 Pole, North, Pytheas and the, 27 Polo, Marco, 130 Popham, Admiral Edward, 229 Popham’s, Sir Home, code, 271 Portland, battle off, 1653, 240 Portland beacon, 243 Portolani, 124 Portsmouth, first dry dock at, 180; dockyard established, 181; ships from, wintered on Medway, 184; dockyard, 226, 274; Naval Academy, 250 Portuguese, their maritime knowledge, 125, 128; influence of, on seamanship, 133; concession to the King of Portugal, 134; their discoveries, 134, 135; discoverers able to keep at sea, 154; enterprise in shipbuilding, 219; as navigators, 219 Post, Roman imperial, 57 Powder-monkeys, 282 Premiums on speed of tea clippers, 289 Pressgang, the, 251 Prester John, 135 Privateering in Tudor times, 184; in 18th century, 261; tactics, 262 Prize, division of, Elizabethan times, 197 Provisioning by live stock, 283 Ptolemy, 115, 116 Ptolemy Philopator builds huge ship, 43 Punic Wars, 62, 64 Punt, Land of, 12 Purser, 146 Pursser (pirate), 222 Pytheas of Massilia, the pioneer of navigation, 6, 27; his voyages of discovery, 28 Quadrant, Davis’s, 212; Flamstead’s, 212; Halley’s, 212 Quadriremes and quinquiremes, 38, 42–3 Rameses II, galleys of, 12 Ramming, Greek warships and, 30, 41; method of, by Rhodians, 52; in the Middle Ages, 143 Raud the Unchristened, 104 Ravenna, 66 Ravens used by the Vikings, 87 Rawlinson, Professor George, on biremes, 19; on Phœnician navigation, 22 Reckonings, 256 Rectores (masters), 141, 146 Red Sea, the, 12 Reef, 145 Renaissance, the, and cartography, 124; and shipping, 170 Rhodes, ancient, ships of, 52; celoces, 52; naval tactics, 52; ramming, 52; naval organisation, 53; shipbuilding, 53; sea prowess, 54; as a port, 54; sea law, 55; “Code Navale des Rhodiens,” 151 Rhumb-lines, 213 Richard I and his Crusader fleet, 139; his naval tactics, 143 Richardson, Wm., “A Mariner of England,” 264 Rigging, wire, 289