Rochelle, action off, 273 Rodney, Admiral Lord, 230; signals, 266; Battle of the Saints, 268; victories of, 270 Roman boat found at Westminster, 78–81 Roman galley, 5; shipowners, 56–7; merchants and barge-owners, 57; corn-ships, 57; warships, 61, 65; docks, 62; the fleets, 62, 66, 67; naval warfare, 62; squadrons, 64; standing navy abolished, 64; Romans not seamen, 64; naval officers, 64; piracy, 66; the classiarii, 67; influence of the navy on land, 68; Cæsar’s fleet, 69; its tactics, 70; invasion of Britain, 72–7; as shipwrights, 77–82; Romano-British ships, 79; boat found at Westminster, 78–81; Lake Nemi boats, 78, 81–2; Virgil’s descriptions, 82–4 Roman pharos at Dover, 243 Rome, victualling of, 56; docks at, 62 Romney Marsh, 77 Ropes, ancient Greek, 31 “Rosa Solis,” 207 Royal Naval College, 250 Royal Navy. _See_ British Navy Rudders of Viking ships, 107; change of position of rudders, 146, 152 Rupert, Prince, 242 Ruyter’s, Admiral de, 242 Sagas, descriptions from the, 92 _et seq._ Sagres, 127–9 Sailing season, 151 Sailors. _See_ Seamen Sails, ancient Greek, 30; in the Middle Ages, 137, 145; of the Elizabethan ships, 190; 18th century, 264; spritsails, 265; beginning of the 19th century, 283 St. Albans (Aldhelm’s) Head light, 145, 243 St. Andrew’s cross, 209 St. George’s ensign, 183, 209 St. Vincent, Admiral Lord, 230, 270 St. Vincent, battle of, 271 Saints, Battle of the (1782), 265, 268, 270 Salamis, battle of, triremes at, 38 Saluting by flag, 208 Sandgate, 76 Sandwich, Earl, 240, 242 Sandwich, 276 Scandinavians as sailors, 93 “Scarfing,” 282 Schey, Rear-Admiral, 243 Scribes on Mediterranean ships, 153 Scuppers, 278 Sea, humanity’s debt to the, 6; fear of the, 11 Sea sayings, 263 Sea sense, the, 8 Sea terms in Homer, etc., 35 _et seq._; in Elizabethan literature, 203; in current use, 206 Seamanship becoming a lost art, 4; slowness of advance in early times, 120; of the Middle Ages, 137 _et seq._; first book on, 151; of time of Columbus, 160; early treatises on, 171; East India Company’s service and, 287; in the 19th century, 274 Seamen, hardships of, 3, 7; the want of consideration for, 7; the seaman character, 8; bond between, 8; of the 18th century, 251, 266 Sennacherib and his fleet, 16 Senofern and shipbuilding in ancient Egypt, 15 Seppings, Sir Robert, 282 Sesostris, sacred barge of, 16; huge Nile barge, 43 Seville, Contractation House, 170 Seville training in navigation, 178 Sextant, the, 174, 254 Seyffert, Dr. Oskar, and Greek ships, 38 Shakespeare and sea terms, 203 Sheathing with copper, 226, 275 Sheer hulk, 275 Sheerness Dockyard, 274